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evol. psy 307 ch5
p. 152-172 end ch 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| blind from birth men | prefer the low WHR mannequins |
| men rate women with lower than local average WHR most attractive | regardless of breast size |
| short term mating strategy men more likely to approach | women with low WHR |
| statistically controlling BMI | may limit WHR prediction of attractiveness judgments (further research) |
| men rate physical attractiveness as more important | in determining a mate than do women |
| importance of physical attractiveness in determining a mate | increased in US from 1939 to 1996 |
| cultural evolution | cultural change can be described as a Darwinian evolutionary process that is similar to biological/genetic evolution. |
| men may be able to detect when | women are ovulating (flushed slightly tightened skin, decrease in WHR/estrogen level, touched more in singles bars, more attractive odor, higher pitched voices) |
| luteal phase | after ovulation (when your ovaries release an egg) and before your period starts; more attractive by both sexes |
| ovulating lap dancers | got higher tips |
| women-initiated contact hypothesis | women reported desire increased as ovulation approached possibly signaled by increased skin exposure |
| cryptic (concealed) ovulation | men attracted throughout ovulatory cycle, reduces paternity confidence (constant mate guarding impossible), marriage |
| marriage | men learned fidelity cues (premarital chastity and postmarital sexual fidelity) |
| premarital chastity desirability | waning with increased use of birth control |
| male investment | searching, courting, competing |
| men in cultures with differing views, more than women, still | value chastity in potential long-term mate |
| cultural variability in preference for chastity may relate to | incidence of premarital sex, degree demandable, women's economic independence, reliability of evaluation, verifiability |
| premarital sexual permissiveness | predicts cuckoldry (promiscuity) |
| infidelity | more upsetting to men |
| heterosexual men | 96-8% |
| heterosexual women | 98-9% |
| kin altruism theory (no US empirical support: gay men more estranged from relatives) | genes for homosexual orientation evolved because homosexuals invest heavily enough in genetic relatives (Samoan support) |
| female fertility hypothesis | genes for male homosexuality evolve if they produce an increase reproductive rate in female relatives (strongest support) |
| alliance formation theory (not true for most cultures) | homoerotic behavior by younger men with older men gains allies, boosting status and extra sex for father |
| high status, wealthier men | marry younger brides |
| advertising standards of beauty for men | embody reliable cues to fertility and reproductive value exploiting mechanisms designed for a different environment |
| contrast effect | viewing highly attractive women or getting positive receptive cues lowers levels of men's commitment (Not women's) |
| advertising standards of beauty for women | create a spiraling and unhealthy competition with other women (eating disorders, cosmetic surgery) |
| after marriage | men have lower testosterone levels to facilitate pair-bonding and parental effort |
| interacting with an attractive woman | increases testosterone levels and risk taking |
| mating effort hypothesis | men in relationships who pursue additional matings have higher testosterone levels that those who stay monogamous |
| budget allocation method (mating dollars) | low: men buy attractive women resources (as per mate preferences); more: buy luxuries (kindness,creativity, liveliness) |
| men respond | to more ads and ads from younger women who mentioned physical attractiveness |
| US men's first, second and third marriage age exceed women's ages by | 3, 5 and 8 years respectively |
| men in polygamous cultures marry | even younger women as they get older |
| attentional adhesion | men took longer to redirect attention from attractive women |
| men who believed they were talking to an attractive women | lowered their voice pitch, sounding more pleasant to raters and increased skin conductance (mating anxiety) |
| smaller, younger, big tit, blond waitresses | received more tips |
| men paid more for engagement rings for | younger bride-to-be |
| calling a competitor promiscuous | was judged to be more effective for women than men (fidelity preferences) |
| sexual competition hypothesis | eating disorders are maladaptive by-products of a mate competition strategy of pursuing thinness |
| US runaway intrasexual competition to appear youthful caused by | men's desire for attractiveness, thin media models, high levels of health in US |
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james22222222
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