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BonesLab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of the skeletal system | Support the body against gravity, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production, protection, and leverage |
| Axial Skeleton | Those bones comprising the skull, thorax, and vertebral column |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Those bones of the limbs and girdles [126 bones, mostly paired] |
| Limbs | Arms and Legs; Appendages |
| Girdles | The supporting elements that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton |
| Upper Appendicular Region | Pectoral girdle and upper limbs |
| Lower Appendicular Region | Pelvic girdle and the lower limbs |
| Surface Markings | Features that represent association of the skeletal system with other systems (Tuberosity, Notch, Fossa, Epicondyles, and Foramen) |
| Tuberosity | A roughened region of bone where tendons or ligaments attach (shaft of the bone) |
| Notch | Areas on a bone where two or more bones articulate (move in relation to each other) |
| Fossa | Depressions near articulations |
| Foramen | Openings in the bones through which nerves and blood vessels pass |
| Bone Strength | The interaction between collagen fibers and hydroxapatite crystals is what gives bone it’s high degree of strength, keeps it somewhat flexible and highly resistant to shattering |
| Compression | A force that acts to compress or shorten the thing it is acting on |
| Tension | A force that acts to expand or lengthen the thing it is acting on |
| Fracture | A crack or break in the bone that occurs when bones are overstressed or stressed in their directions of weakness (types: open and closed) |
| Closed Fracture | Simple fracture; fracture that is completely internal |
| Open Fracture | Compound fracture; fracture that is projecting through the skin (more dangerous than closed) |
| Articulation | Where two or more bones meet (joint) |
| Synarthrosis | Articulation with no free movement |
| Amphiarthrosis | Articulation with limited movement |
| Diarthrosis | Articulation with free movement |
| Fibrous Joint | Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue |
| Cartilaginous Joint | Bones joined by cartilaginous connective tissue |
| Synovial Joint | Bones joined by a fluid-filled cavity [most common joint type of the appendicular skeleton] |
| Bony Joint | Two or more bones fused together (Fusion) |
| Decalcified Bone Slides | Produced by removing the mineral matrix (hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, sodium, magnesium, fluoride) of the bone and leaving behind only the cells and organic matrix that makes up the bone |
| Decalcified Bone | Most of the features of the bone should be visible except canaliculi (shows marrow, but ground bone does not) |
| Canaliculi | Connect lacunae and lead to the central canal |
| Ground Bone Slides | Inverse of decalcified bone slides – cells and organic matrix have been removed, leaving only the mineral matrix, which is then ground thin enough to allow light to pass through |
| Ground Bone | Can more clearly identify some features of the bone, such as canalliculi (does not show marrow) |
| Tubercule | Rounded projectins at the head of a bone |
| Fossa | Depressions near articulations |
| Epicondyle | Processes (bulges) near articulations |
| Pelvic Girdle | Formed by two os coxae (the ilium, ischium, and pubis fused together) |
| Pubis Symphysis | Place where two os coxae joined anteriorly by a fibrocartilage pad |
| Acetabulum | Located laterally on each os coxae and articulates with the head of the femur |
| Female Pelvis | Larger pelvic inlet and outlet (empty space within the pelvis), wider angle between the pubic bones, a less curved sacrum and coccyx (does not protrude as much into the pelvic outlet), and a generally broader and shallower pelvis (wider and shorter ilium) |
Created by:
Cyndi1087
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