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Psyc307 Evol. p.1-12
Evolutionary psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolutionary psychology | Why brain design? How mind designed? How does input produce behavior? |
| catastrophism | species extinguished periodically by catastrophies |
| Lamarckism | organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime to its offspring |
| evolutionists | biologists who believed organ structure changed over time |
| Darwin's book | On the Origin of Species |
| Beagle voyage | 1831-36 |
| Thomas Malthus (1798) | An Essay on the Principle of Population |
| struggle for existence | organisms exist in numbers far greater than can survive and reproduce |
| theory of natural selection | survival favorable variations tend to be preserved and unfavorable tend to die out |
| variation | essential for evolution |
| only inherited variations | play roll in evolution |
| variations help because | they play a role in either survival or reproduction |
| differential reproductive success | heritable variants that increase or decrease chance of surviving and reproducing |
| theory of sexual selection | intrasexual (stag horns) intersexual (female choice) (peacock's tail) competition |
| genetic drift | random changes in the genetic makeup of a population: mutation, founder effects, genetic bottlenecks |
| founder effect | new non-representative colony |
| genetic bottleneck | catastrophic population shrink |
| evolution not | intentional |
| punctuated equilibrium | evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change. |
| Darwin's theory | explained "design" to serve functions and united all species in tree of descent |
| humans and chimpanzees | share 98% of DNA and 6 million year ancester |
| Darwin's theory of inheritance | lacked a solid theory of heredity |
| partial forms | must be adaptive advantage |
| argument from ignorance | not good science |
| Gregor Mendel | inheritance particulate |
| gene | smallest discrete unit inherited intact |
| genotype | entire individual collection of genes |
| modern synthesis | fusion of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian evolution that resulted in a unified theory of evolution |
| ethology | the study of proximate mechanisms and adaptive value of animal behavior |
| ethologist issues | immediate and developmental influences, function, phylogenetic origins of behavior |
| fixed action patterns | stereotypic behavioral sequences triggered by stimulus |
| proximate mechanisms | behavior triggered by immediate stimuli coming from the outside world or inside the body |
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