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Ch. 3 cells
vocab sec. 1,2,3
| Word | definition |
|---|---|
| cell membrane | a cells outer covering |
| cytoplasm | a gelatinlike substance within a cell |
| hereditary material | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| red blood cell | a cell that can change shape in your bloodstream |
| nerve cell | a cell that can not change shape |
| prokaryote | only in bacteria |
| Eukaryote | in all but bacteria |
| cell wall | gives a plant support and protects its cells |
| cellulose | a carbohydrate in cell walls |
| pectin | used in jam and jelly |
| lignin | a compund that makes cell walls rigid |
| proteins | regulates cell processes and build structures |
| cytoskeleton | network of fibers in cytoplasm |
| cytoskeleton | gives cells structure and helps them maintain shape |
| organelles | tiny organs |
| nucleus | controls all of the cells activities |
| DNA | the chemical that determines everything about a cell |
| chromosones | protein tightly wrapped in hereditary material |
| nucleolus | a structure found in the nucleus |
| chloroplasts | green organelle that makes food |
| chlorophyll | makes chloroplasts green |
| mitochondria | the powerhouse of the cell |
| ribosome | proteins of small structures |
| rough ER | attached ribosomes |
| smooth ER | no attached ribosomes |
| endoplasmic reticulum | folded layers of membrane that function as a transportation system |
| golgi bodies | stacked flattened membranes that package proteins |
| lysosomes | garbage disposals |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to perform one job |
| organ | a structure made up of two or more different structures |
| organ system | a group of organs working together to perform a specific function |
| Cardiovascular system | heart, arteries,veins, and capillaires |
| simple microscope | has only one lens |
| compound light microscope | has two sets of lenses |
| SEM Electron Microscope | sweeps electrons over a specimens surface causeing it to emit its own electrons |
| TEM electron microscope | aims a beam of electrons through a specimen |
| STM electron microscope | shows the arrangement of atoms on the surface of a molecule |
| magnification | the process of visually enlarging the size of an object |
| cell theory | all cells come from other cells |
| cell theory | all organisms consist of one or more cells |
| organ system | a group of organs working together to perform a specific function |
| Cardiovascular system | heart, arteries,veins, and capillaires |
| simple microscope | has only one lens |
| compound light microscope | has two sets of lenses |
| SEM Electron Microscope | sweeps electrons over a specimens surface causeing it to emit its own electrons |
| TEM electron microscope | aims a beam of electrons through a specimen |
| STM electron microscope | shows the arrangement of atoms on the surface of a molecule |
| magnification | the process of visually enlarging the size of an object |
| cell theory | all cells come from other cells |
| cell theory | all organisms consist of two or more cells |
| cell theory | the cell is the basic unit of life |
| virus | hereditary material with a protein coating |
| host cell | the cell in which a virus is using to multiply |
| active virus | a virus currently destroying cells |
| latent virus | a virus currently not doing anything |
| vaccine | a cure for a disease |
| antibiotics | things that kill bacteria |
| Gene therapy | prevention of a hereditary disease by removing of the genes that contain it |
| Robert Hooke | first to view cells |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | made a simple microscope with a glass bead |
| Matthias Schleiden | concluded that all plants are made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | concluded that all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | discovered how cells multiply |
| Edward Jenner | developed the first vaccine |
| Interferons | proteins that protect cells from virus's |
| bacteriophages | virus's that infect bacteria |
| bacteria | prokaryotic single celled organism |
| carbohydrates | organic molecules that supply energy for cell processes |
| human egg cell | the cell that controls human reproduction |