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7th Grade Science
Science Final Exam Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allele | one of two or more alternate forms of a gene that arises by mutation; found at the same place on the chromosome |
| autotroph | an organism that produces its own food such as plants |
| base | On a microscope, the bottom. When carrying the microscope, hold the arm and the base. |
| cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism |
| cell wall | rigid layer or barrier all around a cell |
| chloroplast | a part of a plant cell in which photosynthesis take place |
| cloning | make an identical copy of something. |
| cytoplasm | material inside a cell excluding the nucleus |
| density | how solid or compact a substance is |
| Periodic table | Organized chart for all elements |
| DNA | carrier of gene information on chromosomes |
| dominant | characteristics that are inherited from a parent even if only one parent has the allele, the strong one |
| genotype | the genetic make up of an organism |
| genus | part of the system for sorting living things--genus comes after species and below family |
| heterotroph | a organism that consumes or eat their food |
| heterozygous | an organism with two different alleles of a particular gene--might have differing offspring |
| homozygous | an organism having two identical alleles of a particular gene- |
| hybrid | an organism with a mixture of alleles for a gene |
| mass | the quantity of matter something contains |
| mitrochondria | a rod-shaped structure that produces energy for the cell; mighty mitochondria |
| nucleus | a cell structure that contains genetic material; the brains of the cell |
| objective lenses | lenses in a microscope which allow magnification of the object |
| pedigree | certain genes that the offspring inherits from the parent |
| phenotype | the physical trait the gene actually produces |
| punnett square | diagram that shows how the genes of two "parents" might possibly combine. |
| purebred | certain genes that the offspring inherits from the parent; both phenotypes are the same |
| recessive | a gene which has a trait that shows when both parents are recessive. |
| responding or dependent variable | a variable in an experiment which is measured or studied. |
| revolving nosepiece | the part of the microscope used to change objective (the magnification) |
| ribosomes | A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm were cells are made |
| species | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. |
| unicellular | one cell, some organisms are unicellular--they consist of one cell. |
| vacuole | water sacs in a cell |
| volume | A measure of the amount of space or substance an object takes up |
| water dispalcement | Technique used to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object |
| multicellular | more than one cell |
| membrane | A thin line of protection which decides what goes in and out of the cell |
| manipulated or independent variable | a variable in an experiment which is intentionally changed by a variable in an experiment which is intentionally changed by |
| eyepiece | The part of the microscope where you put your eye |
| dichotomous key | a tool used to identify an organism. Helps to sort plants and animals into groups with similar characteristics |
| diaphragm | A large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing |
| control | the object that you compare everything else to |
| coarse adjustment knob | On a microscope: the knob that makes large adjustments to the focus |
| arm | On a microscope: the shaft that attaches the eyepiece body tube revolving nosepiece and objectives to the base |
| Objective | On a microscope: the high medium and low objectives can be changed depending on how small or large the object is. |
| electrons | atomic particles that produce a negative charge |
| neutrons | atomic particles that produce a neutral charge |
| symbiosis | a relationship with benefits for two living organisms |
| biome | a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g., forest or tundra. |
| length | a measure of how long an object is end-to-end |
| temperature | a measure of heat energy an object or substance has |
| The scientific method | six steps to recognize and try to solve a problem |
| Qualitative Observations | observations using your five senses--color, smell, sounds, feel, taste |
| Quantitative Observations | observations about something recorded in numbers such as weight, length, numbers of times something happens |
| Inferences | A possible explanation based on observations and prior knowledge |
| Hypothesis | an idea or suggested explanation for an observation |
| Experimental Design | how the experiment is designed to test a hypothesis |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction where one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical |
| sexual reproduction | two parent organisms combine genetic material; offspring are genetically different from parents |
| growth | process by which an organism grows bigger |
| development | process by which an organism become more complex |
| homeostasis | ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment |
| stimulus | a change in the environment that makes an organism react |
| response | an organism's reaction to a stimulus |
| adaptation | an organism changes to better survive its enviornment |
| classification | grouping things with similar characteristics |
| taxonomy | studying how things are classified |
| kingdoms | In a taxonomy a very general group |
| cell wall | Found only in plant cells; a hard layer surrounding the cell membrane of plants |
| chlorplast | in plants; captures sun's energy to produce food through photosynthesis |
| mitosis | cell division in which one parent cell produces two identical daughter cells |
| meiosis | cell division in which one parent cell produce four daughter cells |
| mutation | a mistake in a genetic code which can occur during DNA replication |
| cancer | caused by a mutation that can lead to uncontrollable division and growth in cells |
| semi-permeable | certain substances can pass through the cell membrane |
| passive transport | movement of molecules into and out of a semi-permeable cell |
| diffusion | molecule move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a cell membrane |
| traits | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring |
| biotic factors | all living things in an ecosystem |
| abiotic factors | the nonliving things in an ecosystem |
| population | all the members of one species that live in a specific area |
| community | all the different populations that live in an area |
| habitat | the specific place an organism lives |
| energy source | the source of all energy inmost food webs is the sun |
| producer | an organism that makes its own food (autotroph) |
| Consumer | an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms (heterotroph) |
| decomposer | an organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| solid | a state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume |
| liquid | a state of matter that has NO definite shape, but has a definite volume; it cannot be compressed |
| gas | a state of matter with no definite shape or volume; it can flow and be compressed |
| physical change | a change in a substance that does not alter its identity |
| chemical change | a change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances |
| atom | building block of all matter |
| element | types of atoms that cannot be broken down into other substances |
| compound | made of two or more elements |
| molecule | a combination of two or more atoms |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; unique to each element |
| atomic mass | protons and neutrons which are located in the nucleus of an atom |
| period | on the periodic table; a horizontal row of elements; they DO NOT have similar properties |
| Group (Family) | On the periodic table; elements in the same column; have similar properties |
| metals | most elements are metals; almost all are solid at room temperature (except Mercury) |
| metalloids | 7 elements found at the boundary of metals and nonmetals |
| Noble Gases | elements with their outer shells filled and DO NOT bond with other atoms |
Created by:
charriez
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