click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chemistry
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Alleles | The different forms of a gene. |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring. |
Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass to offspring through genes. |
Recessive | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. |
Dominant | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when it is present. |
Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible traits. |
Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations. |
Homozygous | when both alleles are the same |
Heterozygous | When the pair of alleles are different |
Mutation | a change or alteration in form or qualities |
Replication | the action of copying or reproducing something. |
Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
Transcription | is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule. |
Translation | In this stage, the mRNA is "decoded" to build a protein (or a chunk/subunit of a protein) that contains a specific series of amino acids. |
Karyotyping | is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
Codon | a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule. |
Anticodon | a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. |
Recombinant DNA | DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms. |
Restriction enzyme | an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases. |
Genetic engineering | the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. |