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Biolgy Module 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atoms | The basic building blocks of mattter |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Model | An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen |
| Element | A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons |
| Molecules | Chemicals that result from atoms liking together |
| Physical change | A change that affects the apperance but not the chemicals makeup of a substance |
| Chemical change | A change that alters the makeup of the elements or the molecules of a subtance |
| Phase | One of three forms- solid liquid or gas- which every substance is capabe of attaining |
| Diffusion | The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentraion to an area of low concentration |
| Concentration | A measurement of how much solute exists withiin a certain volume of solvent |
| Semipermeable membrane | A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through |
| Osmosis | The tendancy of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration |
| Catalyst | A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process |
| Organic molecule | A molecule that contains only carbon and nay of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous |
| Biosyntesis | The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones |
| Isomers | Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula |
| Monosaccharides | Simple carbs that contain 3-10 carbon atoms |
| Disaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of 2 monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than 2 monosaccharides |
| Dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |
| Hydrophobic | Lacking any affinity to water |
| Saturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms |
| Usaturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have one double bond between carbon atoms |
| Hydrogen | A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certin other atoms usually oxygen or nitrogen in specific molecules |
| Descirbibe where the protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom. | Protons and neutrons arein the nucleus, and electrons orbit the nucleus |
| What determines the fast majority of the characteristics in on atom? | The number of electrons |
| What does the number atfer an atoms name signify? | How many atoms are of a certain type in the molecule |
| What is the difference between and element and an atom? | An element is a collection of atoms. |
| How many electrons are in an atom that has 32 protons? | 32 |
| How many atoms total are in a molecule of C3H8O? What atoms re present and howmany of each atom? | 12 |
| Identify the following as an atom, molecule or an element: a.H2CO3, b. Nitrogen-14, c. P | a. molecule, b. atom, c. element |
| IF you add energy to the molecules of a liuid, will it turn into a gas or a solid? | Gas |
| chemist wants to study diffusion. Should a semipermeable membrane be used? | Yes |
| Two solutions of different solute concentration are separate by a membrane. After a while, the water levels of the solutions change. Has osmosisor diffusions taken place? What kind of membrane is being used? | Osmosis. Sempermeable. |
| Consider the following chemical reaction: N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3a. what are the reactants?b. what are the products?c. how many molecules of H2 are used in the reaction? | a. N2, and 3H2. b. 2NH3 c. 3 |
| What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? What 4 things are neccesary for a plant to carry out phhotosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Energy |
| Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be speeded up? | Increase the temp. |
| Which of the following is a carbohydrate?a. NH3 b. CO2 c. C2H40 d. C5H10o5 e. C3H8O3 | B/D |
| What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and protiens? What kind of reaction can break these substances? | Dehydration reaction. Hydrolysis |
| Describe the pH scale and what it measures | It tracks the level of base or acid. Runs from 0-14. 0-6 are acidic. 7 is neutral and 8-14 is alkaline. |
| What are the basic building blocks of protiens,lipids, and polysaccharides? | Amino acids |
| If two proteins contain the same type and number of amino acids, but the order in which they link up is different are the properties of the two proteins the same? | No |
| What are enzymes, and for what purpose are they usually used? | A special class of protiens that act as catalysts for many of the chemical reactions that support life. |
| What is the "lock and key" theory of enzyme action? | B.c sucrose fits into the sucrase like a key fits into a lock |
| What are the basic parts of a nucleotide? | Deoxyribose, Phosphate goup, and a nucleotide base. |
| How does DNA store information? | In the nucleotide bases |
| What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together? | Hydrogen bond |
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