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Science Half-Year 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | all living things on earth |
| Hydrosphere | all bodies of water on earth including ponds, rivers and lakes |
| Lithosphere | the upper layer of rock and magma |
| Atmosphere | the air |
| Biotic factors | referring to organisms |
| Abiotic factors | non-living aspects of an ecosystem such as the wind, salinity and shelter |
| Habitat | an area with organisms with similar abiotic conditions |
| Population | all individuals of one species in a habitat |
| Ecosystem | the biotic and abiotic factors in an area |
| Commuity | all the populations in a habitat |
| Gluecose | a sugar molecule that stores energy molecules can use |
| Photosynthesis | a chemical reaction when carbon dioxide and water create glucose and oxygen |
| Respiration | a chemical reaction that is the reverse of photosynthesis, it releases energy |
| Autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| Heterotroph | an organism that gets its food from other organisms |
| Herbivore | an organism that only eats plants |
| Carnivore | an organism that only eats animals |
| Omnivore | an organism that eats both |
| Detritavore | an organism that eats decomposing organisms |
| Food chian | a list of organisms showing what eats what |
| Ratio | total area of habitat / area surveyed |
| Population estimate | ratio * number counted |
| Prokaryote | a cell without a nucleus |
| Eukaryote | a cell with a nucleus |
| Area of quadrats | number of quadrats * area |
| Eutrophication | when protozoan algae and cynobactiera grow too much to excess nutrients |
| Pathogen | a microorganism that could potentially cause disease |
| Introduced species | an organism that is not native or natural to an ecosystem |
| Biological control | use of natural predators or pathogens to control pest population |
| Biodiversity | the number of species in an ecosystem |
| Kinetic energy | moving energy |
| Gravitational Potential energy | due to height |
| Chemical Potential energy | energy in the bonds between atoms |
| Elastic Potential energy | due to squashing or stretching |
| Sound energy | waves moving through substance |
| Thermal energy | due to particles vibrating |
| Electrical energy | moving charge |
| Nuclear energy | inside an atomic nucleus |
| Electromagnetic energy | a light, microwave, x-ray |
| The law of conservation of energy | Energy can not be created or destroyed, only moved from one form to the other |
| Unit of energy | Joules |
| E.E | (useful output energy / input energy) * 100 |
| K.E | 1/2m(v) squared |
| G.P.E | mgh |
| T.E | m * c * triangle T |
| Conduction | thermal energy moves due to particles colliding (particles don't change location) |
| Convection | thermal energy moves due to particles heating up, taking more space and floating upwards |
| Radiation | thermal energy moves due to particles travelling through a vaccum |
| Safe circut | Every loop must have a resistor light bulb or voltmeter. |
| Electrons are opposite to: | Protons |
| Currant | The number of charges moving past a certain point per second |
| DC | Direct currant, electrons moving through a loop in one direction |
| AC | Alternating currant, electrons moving back and forth |
| Conventional currant | The flow of imaginary positive charges |
| Electrons are: | Negative |
| Series | the components where the currant through one component must pass through the other |
| Parallel | where the currant passes through one component and not the other and vice versa |
Created by:
atash_789
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