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Bio Chapter 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| habitat | the place where an organism usually lives |
| ecological niche | all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce in an ecosystem |
| competitive exclusion | the exclusion of one species by another due to competition |
| ecological equivalent | organisms that share a similar niche but live in different geographical regions |
| competition | ecological relationship in which two organisms attempt to obtain the same resource |
| predation | an interaction between two organisms in which one organism, the predator, kills and feeds on the other organism, the prey |
| symbiosis | a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other |
| mutualism | a relationship between two species in which both species benefit |
| commensalism | a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| parasitism | a relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed |
| population density | measure of individuals living in a defined area |
| population dispersion | way in which individuals of a population are spread out over an area or volume |
| survivorship curve | graph showing the surviving members of each age group of a population over time |
| immigration | the movement of an individual or a group to a new community or region |
| emigration | the movement of an individual or group out of its native area |
| exponential growth | logarithmic growth, or growth in which numbers increase by a certain factor in each successive time period |
| logistic growth | population growth that starts with a minimum numbers of individuals and reaches a maximum depending on the carrying capacity of the region; described by an S-shaped curve |
| carrying capacity | the largest population that an environment can support at any given time |
| population crash | dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time |
| limiting factor | environmental factor that limits the growth and size of a population |
| density-dependent limiting factor | environmental resistance that affects a population that has become overly crowded |
| density-independent limiting factor | environmental resistance that affects a population regardless of population density |
| succession | the replacement of one type of community by another at a single location over a period of time |
| primary succession | establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited |
| pioneer species | a species that colonizes an uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in which many other species become established |
| secondary succession | reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact |
Created by:
mariazierolf
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