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bio sol
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Louis Pasteur | Proved spontaneous generation does NOT occur, S flask |
| Homeostasis | Maintain internal stability when environment changes |
| Prokaryote | Lack nucleus, lysosomes, ER, and mitochondria |
| Eukaryote | Have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Archaebacteria | Prokaryote, single strand of DNA, smallest cell (ocean vent bacteria) |
| Eubacteria | Prokaryote, single strand of DNA, smallest cell, different cell wall protein (strep throat) |
| Protista | Eukaryote, single cell (amoeba, paramecium, algae) |
| Flagella | -- |
| Cilia | -- |
| Golgi body | Packages proteins |
| ER | Makes proteins |
| Smooth ER | Makes membranes |
| Ribosome | Makes proteins |
| Diffusion | From high to low concentration |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water |
| Isotonic | Equal water concentration |
| Hypotonic | Water enters the cell, swells |
| Hypertonic | Water is pulled out of the cell, shrinks |
| Cohesion | Water sticks to water |
| Adhesion | Water is attracted to different substances |
| Enzyme | Lowers activation energy for chemical reactions |
| Carbohydrate | Short term storage (monosaccharides, simple sugar) |
| Protein | Control chemical reactions, structure, fights diseases (amino acids) |
| Lipid | Long term energy storage, main molecules of membranes (1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids) |
| Nucleic Acid | Instructions for protein synthesis, pass on genetic info (nucleotides) |
| Haploid | Half # of chromosomes |
| Diploid | Full set of chromosomes |
| Chromatin | -- |
| Chromatid | -- |
| Mitosis | Split one cell into two identical cells - asexual reproduction |
| Meiosis | Split one cell into four cells with half the chromosomes - gametes: eggs and sperm |
| Interphase | -- |
| Prophase | -- |
| Metaphase | -- |
| Anaphase | -- |
| Telophase | -- |
| Anaerobic respiration | Does NOT use oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, produces 2 ATP (alcohol fermentation) |
| Aerobic respiration | Uses oxygen, occurs in mitochondria, produces 36 ATP |
| Cellular respiration | Breaks down food for ATP |
| Endocytosis | Moves particles into the cell |
| Exocystosis | Moves particles out of the cell |
| DNA replication | Occurs in the nucleus of the cell, results in an exact copy of the original strand |
| Transcription | Occurs in the nucleus, makes mRNA copy of the gene |
| Translation | mRNA is translated into a chain amino acids |
| Classification | DKPCOFGS |
| Viruses | DNA or RNA strand, surrounded by a protein coat |
| Viruses are different from bacteria bc- | They are not alive, cannot reproduce, are not cells |
| Bryophyte | Depends on water for reproduction, small, lack vascular tissue (Moss, Liverworts, Hornworts) |
| Seedless Vascular | Ferns, Horsetails, Club mosses |
| Gymnopserm | Produce seeds on cones (Gnetophytes, Cycads, Ginkos, Conifers) |
| Angiosperm | Produce seeds from flowers (eggs and pollen are reproductive organs) |
| Porifera | Eukaryotes, specialized cells, pulls water in through pores (sponges) |
| Cnidaria | Soft body, specialized tissues, tentacles with stinging cells (hydra, jellyfish, sea anemone, corals) |
| Platyhelminthese | Flatworms |
| Nematoda | Roundworms |
| Annelida | Segmented worms (earthworms, leeches, neries, feathery things) |
| Molluska | Soft body, internal or external shell, reproduces sexually (clams, squids) |
| Arthropoda | Exoskeleton, jointed legs, metamorphosis (crabs, insects) |
| Echinodermata | Spiny skin, tube feet, radial symmetry, internal skeleton (starfish) |
| Charles Darwin | Theory of Natural Selection |
| Low power objective | Magnifies 10x |
| High power objective | Magnifies 40x |
| Fine adjsutment | Fine focuses |
| Coarse adjustment | Fines object in low power/focus |
| Diaphragm | Change light level |
| Eye piece | Sees object, magnifies 10x |
| Polarity | Electrons are more attracted to the larger oxygen atom in the water molecule so oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogens are slightly positive. |
| Parasitism | One organism benefits, the other is harmed |
| Commensalism | One organism benefits, the other is unaffected |
| Mutualism | Both organisms benefit |
| Centrioles | -- |
| Cell membrane molecule | Double lipid layer, protein, carbohydrate |
| Photosynthesis formula | 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Difference between photosynthesis and respiration | Photosynthesis stores energy, respiration releases ATP from food |
| Adaptation | Characteristics that help organisms survive in their environment |
| Lamarck | Theory of Acquired Traits |
| Transpiration | Evaporation off of plant leaves |
| Detritivore | Animal that feeds off of dead organic material |
| Primary succession | No soil after disturbance |
| Secondary succession | Community is disturbed but soil still exists |
| Pioneer species | Lichen and bacteria |
| Population density | Number of individuals living in a unit of area |
| Carrying capacity | Largest number of individuals an environment can support |
| Exponential growth | Growth under the ideal conditions with reproduction at a constant rate |
| Cell theory | All living things are made of cells, cells are basic units of life, all cells are produced from other cells |
| Principle of dominance | When you cross 2 different true breeding alleles one characteristic will cover up the other one |
| Incomplete dominance | A heterozygote shows a mixture of the 2 characteristics, neither gene is dominant (red + white = pink) |
| Codominance | A heterozygote shows both characteristics |
| Chargaff's rules | -- |
| Genetic engineering | -- |
| Evolution | -- |
| Natural selection | -- |
| Directional selection | Individuals at one end of the curve survive better |
| Stabilizing selection | Organisms survive better near the center of the curve |
| Disruptive selection | Organisms at both end survive better |
| Binary fission | Asexual reproduction (bacteria) |
| Lytic infection | -- |
| Miller and Urey | -- |
| Hooke | First to see cells (cork) and to name them "cells" |
| Van Leeuwenhoek | Discovered bacteria or "protozoa" and made the first microscope |
| Schleiden | Found that all plants are made of cells |
| Schwann | Found all animals are made of cells |
| Virchow | Found that all cells come from existing cells |
| High heat capacity | -- |
| Surface tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid |
| Capillary action | Process powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through a narrow tube such as the stem of a plant. |
| Macromolecules | Carbon compounds formed from chains of monomers into polymers |
| Protein pumps | -- |
| Linnaeus | Scientist who created Classification based on similar physical structure |
| Molecular clock | Neutral mutations |
| Conjugation | Sexual reproduction |
| Down's Syndrome | Has extra 21 chromosome |
| Patau's Syndrome | Has extra 13 chromosome |
| Klinefelter's Syndrome | Has extra sex chromosome (tall, lower intellect) |
| Turner's Syndrome | Missing sex cell (female, short, not sexually mature) |
| Hydrophilic | Substances that dissolve in water |
| Hydrophobic | Substances that DON'T dissolve in water |
| Active transport | Low to high concentration, REQUIRES ENERGY (protein pumps) |
| Centromere | Middle of the chromosome |
| Mitosis has- | Daughter cell has 46 chromosomes, makes two daughter cells |
| Meiosis has- | Daughter cell has 23 chromosomes, makes four daughter cells |
| ATP stands for- | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| S curve | Increase until something limits growth, then population decreases |
| J curve | Growth under ideal conditions |
| Segregation | Alleles separate during gamete formation |
Created by:
mytutorfriend
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