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Chapter 10 Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plasma | 55% |
| Hematocrit | Volume of blood sample should be 45% |
| Cells | 45% |
| RBC | Erythrocytes |
| Red blood cells | Formed in bone marrow; carries oxygen |
| Hemoglobin | Molecules combine with CO2 to transport |
| Oxyhemoglobin | Bright red; plenty of oxygen |
| Deoxyhemoglobin | Bluish; not much oxygen |
| Anemia | Few red blood cells |
| WBC | Leukocytes |
| White Blood Cells | Fights diseases |
| Neutrophils | Eats bacteria; most common |
| Eosinophils | Attack parasites; allergic reactions |
| Basophils | Produces blood thinners and histomines |
| Monocytes | Makes macrophages |
| Lymphocytes | Immune system; second most common |
| Blood Plasma | Liquid portion; 92% |
| Albumins | Made in liver; maintains blood pressure |
| Alpha and beta | Made in liver; transports lipids |
| Gamma | Forms antibodies |
| Fibrinogen | Importance to blood clotting |
| Major blood clotting event | Change from fibrinogen into fibrin |
| Hemostasis | The process to stop bleeding |
| Type A receives | A or O |
| Type B receives | B or O |
| Type AB receives | A, B, AB, or O least common |
| Type O receives | O most common |
| Rh | Rhesus monkey |
| Type O | Universal Donar |
| Iron | Is a critical element needed to synthesize hemoglobin and normal RBC |
| Hematopoeisis | Blood cells live for 120 days then are eaten by the liver and spleen |
| Erythropoietin | Secreted by kidneys; stimulates the formation of RBC; requires B12 and Folic Acid |
| Blood Vessel Spasm | Damaged or broken vessels stimulates muscle tissue in the walls of the vessels to contract. This slows or stops blood flow, lasts for several min. Platelets release serotonin , a vasoconstrictor which maintains the muscle even longer |
| Platelet Plug | Platelets stick to surfaces of damaged blood vessels and form a plug |
| Blood Coagulation | most effective; forms a blood clot (hematoma). Injury causes an increase in the release of coagulation: conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin |
| Tissue Damage | production of prothrombin activator |
| Prothrombin | converted to thrombin |
| Thrombin | acts as a enzyme to cause change of fibrinogen to fibrin, which traps platelets and blood cells to form a hematoma |
| Thrombus | internal blood clot |
| Embolus | clots move |
| Embolism | resulting stroke |
| Platelets | cell fragments |
| PL | thrombocytes |
| Antigen A | Plasma: Anti-B antibodies |
| Antigen B | Plasma: Anti-A antibodies |
| Antigen A&B | Plasma: neither anti- A or anti-B antibodies |
| Neither antigen A nor B | Both anti-A and anti- B antibodies |
| Rh factor | caused by a dominant allele and is inherited |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | mothers immune system attacks the fetus when the mother is Rh- because the body shows the baby as an infection |
| Systemic Circulation | delivers blood to all body cells |
| Pulmonary Circulation | eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates the blood |
| Deoxygenated blood | blue |
| Oxygenated blood | red |
| Pericardium | encloses the heart (like a bag) |
| Pericardial cavity | fluid for the heart to float, reducing friction |
| Epicardium | outer layer, reduces friction |
| Myocardium | Middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle |
| Endocardium | inner layer, blood vessels |
| Atria | top chamber |
| Ventricles | bottom chambers right- thin left- thick |
| Septum | seperating two chambers |
| Atrioventricular Valve | between upper chambers |
| tricuspid | prevents back flow of blood 3 flaps |
| bicuspid | has blood flow one way to the left atrium to the left ventricle |
| Superior Vena Cava/ Inferior Vena Cava | return blood from the head and body to the heart connects to left atrium |
| Chordae Tendinae/ papillary muscles | prevents bonds from bending |
| Pulmonary Trunk/ Arteries | splits into left and right, both leads to lungs and leaves left ventricle |
| Pulmonary Valve | valves open and close as blood flows through |
| Pulmonary Veins | blood returns to the heart with O2 blood 2 on each side |
| 1st Step in blood path | Deoxygenated blood enters through right atrium through the vena cava |
| 2nd step in blood path | blood enters right ventricle |
| 3rd Step in blood path | Blood goes out the pulmonary arteries and heads to the lungs |
| 4th step in blood path | blood returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium |
| 5th step in blood path | blood moves into the left ventricle |
| 6th step in blood path | oxygenated blood moves out of the left ventricle through the aorta and to the body |
| skeleton of the Heart | dense connective tissue holding the heart and valves in place |
| Systole | heart beating |
| Diastole | heart resting |
| Hypertension of blood pressure | 140/90 |
| normal blood pressure | 120/80 |
| ECG | heartbeat |
| Fast Heart Beat | Tachycardia |
| Slow Heart Beat | Bradycardia |
| Irregular Heart Beat | Arrhymthmia |
| P Wave | Atrial Contraction |
| QRS Wave | Ventricular Contraction |
| T Wave | Ventricular repolarization |
| SA Node | triggers ventricle squeeze |
Created by:
Alisha M. Bailey
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