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Anatomy Ch. 6
Chapter 6 notecords
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | Capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | The ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Epimysium | Connective tissue sheath surrounding each skeletal muscle. |
| Fascia | Surrounds and separates muscles. |
| Fasciculi | Visible bundles that make up the muscles. |
| Perimysium | Surrounds the fascicles , loose connective tissue. |
| Muscle Fiber | Single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei. |
| Fibers | Single muscle cells that make up the fasciculi. |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber. |
| Myofibrils | Threadlike structure that extends form one end of the fiber to the other. |
| Myofibrils | Made up of two major kinds of protein. |
| Actin myofilaments | Thin myofilaments. |
| Actin myofilaments | Resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
| Myosin myofilaments | Thick myofilaments. |
| Myosin myofilaments | Resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. |
| Sarcomeres | Highly ordered units made up of actin and myosin myofilaments. |
| Sarcomeres | Join end to end to form myofibril. |
| Sarcomeres | Basic structural and functional unity of the muscles. |
| Sarcomeres | Extend form one Z Line to another Z Line. |
| Z Line | Each one is an attachment site for actin. |
| Banded Appearance | Given by the arrangement of actin and myosin. |
| I Band | Light gray area on each side of the Z Line. |
| I Band | Consists of actin. |
| A Band | Extends the length of the myosin. |
| A Band | Darker central region in each sarcomere. |
| H Zone | Light area in the center of each sarcomere. |
| H Zone | Consists of just myosin. |
| M Line | Center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band. |
| Membrane Potential | Outside of most cell membranes is positively charged. |
| Membrane Potential | Inside of most cell membranes is negatively charged. |
| Resting Membrane Potential | The charge difference across the membrane. |
| Motor Neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| Axons | Enter the muscles and branch. |
| Neuromuscular Junction | Formed by the connecting of each branch to the muscle. |
| Synapse | Another word for Neuromuscular Junction. |
| Motor Unit | A single motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. |
| Motor Unit | Usually forms a single muscle. |
| Synapse | Formed by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane. |
| Presynaptic Terminal | Is the enlarged nerve terminal. |
| Synaptic Cleft | Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | Muscle Fiber. |
| Presynaptic Terminal | Each one contains synaptic vesicles. |
| Synaptic Vesicles | Secrete a neurotransmitter. |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter secreted by the synaptic vesicles. |
| Muscle Contraction | Occurs when actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomere to shorten. |
| Sliding filament mechanism | The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. |
| Sliding filament mechanism | The H and I Bands shorten, but the A Bands stay at the same length. |
| Muscle Twitch | Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more fibers. |
| Threshold | What point of stimulus the muscle with contract maximally. |
| All or Nothing Response | The phenomenon known as muscle twitch. |
| Lag Phase | The timed between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. |
| Contraction Phase | The time of contractions. |
| Relaxation phase | The time in which the muscle relaxes. |
| Relaxation phase | If successful stimuli are given then you get successful muscle twitches that occur so often that the muscles don't have enough time to fully relax. |
| Tetany | Where the muscle stays contracted without relaxing. |
| Recruitment | The increase in the number of motor units being activated. |
| ATP | Needed for energy for muscle contraction. |
| ATP | Produced in the mitochondria. |
| ATP | Short-lived and unstable. |
| ADP | Made when unstable ATP degenerates. |
| Creatine Phosphate | High energy molecule that can be stored during rest or inactivity. |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Without oxygen. |
| Aerobic Respiration | With oxygen. |
| Oxygen Debt | The amount of needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscles cells. |
| Isometric | The length of the muscle doesn't change, but the amount of extension increases during the contraction process. |
| Isotonic | The amount of tension produced doesn't change, but the length of the muscle does. |
| Muscle tone | Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contract and fatigue quickly. |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. |
| Origin | The most stationary end of the muscle. |
| Insertion | The end of the muscle with the greatest amount of movement. |
| Belly | The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another. |
Created by:
Kyle Walters
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