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APUSH Chapter 1
Chapter 1 of Preparing for the Advanced Placement Class
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Native Americans | 50-70 million in Americas in the 1490's |
| Souix | Great Plains Native Americans |
| Pawnee | Great Plains Native Americans |
| Pueblo | Native American group that lived in the Southwest in multistoried buildings and developed intricate irrigation systems for farming |
| Adena | Native American moundbuilding society; located east of the Mississippi River |
| Hopewell | Native American moundbuilding society located east of the Mississippi River |
| Iroquois | Formed a political confederacy (league of Iroquois) able to withstand attacks from Europeans and other native groups |
| South American Natives | Great Majority lived in South and Central America; Mayas and Incas were largest groups |
| Renaissance | 1350-1600; rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity |
| Technology for Exploration | The compass, gunpowder, shipbuilding, better maps, and the printing press all added incentive for exploration |
| Spain | The country had been partly taken over by the Muslim invaders (Moors); Isabella and Ferdinand united their Christian kingdoms and kicked out the Muslims |
| Spanish Armada | Large fleet of ships that was the strongest navy at the time |
| Protestant Reformation | Certain Christians in Germany, England, France, and Holland (among others) revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome. This led to a series of religious wars between the Protestants and Catholics. Added another incentive to exploration |
| Trade | Economic motives for trade grew out of competition among European countries for India, Africa, and China. Over land trade started in Venice and Constantinople and reached China. Wanted a new trade route not dominated by the Arabs |
| Portugal | Were the 1st to explore for a new trade route to Asia, around Africa |
| Henry the Navigator | Sponsored voyages of exploration. Helped in succeeding in opening a sea route around Africa. |
| Nation-States | Country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government. Monarch were gaining power in the 15th c. and building nation states. |
| Christopher Columbus | 1492 voyage supported by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Looking for a westward sea route to Asia. |
| New World | North and South America called this after it was discovered that Columbus hadn't reaches Asia. |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Italian sailor. 1st realized Columbus had discovered a "new" continent. Americas named after him. |
| Papal Line of Demarcation | Vertical line drawn in 1493. Divided the world with Spain getting all lands to the west of the line. Portugal got all lands to the east. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494 - Moved Papal Line of Demarcation a few degrees to the west. |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Crossed Panama. Spanish conquistadors discovered Pacific on the other side. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe. Magellan made it to the Philippines. |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs and took empire from Montezuma (Mexico) |
| Francisco Pizzaro | Spanish - conquered the Incas in Peru. |
| Conquistadors | Explorers and conquerors from Spain who secured Spain's initial supremacy in the New World. |
| Encomienda System | The king of Spain gave grants of land and Native Americans to individual spa |
| Asiento System | System of African slaves under the Spanish. It required the Spanish to pay a tax to the king of each slave they imported to the Americas. |
| John Cabot | Sailed for England - Explored the coast of Newfoundland in 1497. |
| Giovanni de Verrazano | French sponsored - 1524 - Looking for a Northwest passage. Explored the east coast, incluing New York harbor. |
| Jacques Cartier | French - 1534-1542 - Explored the St. Lawerence River. Also looking for a Northwest Passage. |
| Samuel de Champlain | Established first permanent French settlement in 1608 at Quebec. Regarded at "Father of New France" |
| Father Jacques Marquette | 1673 - Explored the upper Mississippi River for France. |
| Robert de la Salle | 1682 - Explored the Mississippi River basin. Name Louisiana. |
| Henry Hudson | 1609 - Hired by Dutch to seek a northwest passage. Explored the Hudson River. Established Dutch claims to the area that would become New Amsterdam. |
| Joint Stock Company | Pooled the savings of people of moderate means and supported trading ventures that seemed potentially profitable. |
| Father Junipero Serra | Founded 9 of the Franciscan missions on the California coast in the 1780's. |
| Virginia Company | Joint stock company that established the 1st permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607. |
| Jamestown | Est. 1607 - 1st settlers suffered great hardships from indian attacks, famine, and disease. Located in a swampy area on the James River that bred dysentery and mylaria. Many settlers were gentlemen unaccustomed to work and others sought gold. |
| Captain John Smith | Became leader of Jamestown and saved colony from demise. Forceful leader who made colonists work to plant food and build shelters. |
| John Rolfe | Established the tobacco industry in Jamestown. He and wife Pocahontas developed a new variety of tobacco. Brought financial prosperity to the colony. |
| Royal Colony | Colony under the control of a king or queen. |
| Puritans | Wanted to purify the Church of England of remaining Catholic rituals and traditions. Viewed by King James as a threat to his religious and political authority. Group was persecuted. Founded Plymouth and Mass. Bay Colony. |
| Plymouth Colony | Founded by a group of Sepratists who 1st migrated to Holland and then founded a new colony. The Virginia Co. granted them land. Fewer than 1/2 of the 100 colonists were Sepratists. (1620) |
| Separatists | A puritan who wanted to break away from the Chursh of England and form their own church. |
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