APUSH Chapter 1 Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Native Americans	50-70 million in Americas in the 1490's
Souix	Great Plains Native Americans
Pawnee	Great Plains Native Americans
Pueblo	Native American group that lived in the Southwest in multistoried buildings and developed intricate irrigation systems for farming
Adena	Native American moundbuilding society; located east of the Mississippi River
Hopewell	Native American moundbuilding society located east of the Mississippi River
Iroquois	Formed a political confederacy (league of Iroquois) able to withstand attacks from Europeans and other native groups
South American Natives	Great Majority lived in South and Central America; Mayas and Incas were largest groups
Renaissance	1350-1600; rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity
Technology for Exploration	The compass, gunpowder, shipbuilding, better maps, and the printing press all added incentive for exploration
Spain	The country had been partly taken over by the Muslim invaders (Moors); Isabella and Ferdinand united their Christian kingdoms and kicked out the Muslims
Spanish Armada	Large fleet of ships that was the strongest navy at the time
Protestant Reformation	Certain Christians in Germany, England, France, and Holland (among others) revolted against the authority of the pope in Rome. This led to a series of religious wars between the Protestants and Catholics. Added another incentive to exploration
Trade	Economic motives for trade grew out of competition among European countries for India, Africa, and China. Over land trade started in Venice and Constantinople and reached China. Wanted a new trade route not dominated by the Arabs
Portugal	Were the 1st to explore for a new trade route to Asia, around Africa
Henry the Navigator	Sponsored voyages of exploration. Helped in succeeding in opening a sea route around Africa.
Nation-States	Country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government. Monarch were gaining power in the 15th c. and building nation states.
Christopher Columbus	1492 voyage supported by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Looking for a westward sea route to Asia.
New World	North and South America called this after it was discovered that Columbus hadn't reaches Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci	Italian sailor. 1st realized Columbus had discovered a "new" continent. Americas named after him.
Papal Line of Demarcation	Vertical line drawn in 1493. Divided the world with Spain getting all lands to the west of the line. Portugal got all lands to the east.
Treaty of Tordesillas	1494 - Moved Papal Line of Demarcation a few degrees to the west.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa	Crossed Panama. Spanish conquistadors discovered Pacific on the other side.
Ferdinand Magellan	His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe. Magellan made it to the Philippines.
Hernan Cortes	Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs and took empire from Montezuma (Mexico)
Francisco Pizzaro	Spanish - conquered the Incas in Peru.
Conquistadors	Explorers and conquerors from Spain who secured Spain's initial supremacy in the New World.
Encomienda System	The king of Spain gave grants of land and Native Americans to individual spa
Asiento System	System of African slaves under the Spanish. It required the Spanish to pay a tax to the king of each slave they imported to the Americas.
John Cabot	Sailed for England - Explored the coast of Newfoundland in 1497.
Giovanni de Verrazano	French sponsored - 1524 - Looking for a Northwest passage. Explored the east coast, incluing New York harbor.
Jacques Cartier	French - 1534-1542 - Explored the St. Lawerence River. Also looking for a Northwest Passage.
Samuel de Champlain	Established first permanent French settlement in 1608 at Quebec. Regarded at "Father of New France"
Father Jacques Marquette	1673 - Explored the upper Mississippi River for France.
Robert de la Salle	1682 - Explored the Mississippi River basin. Name Louisiana.
Henry Hudson	1609 - Hired by Dutch to seek a northwest passage. Explored the Hudson River. Established Dutch claims to the area that would become New Amsterdam.
Joint Stock Company	Pooled the savings of people of moderate means and supported trading ventures that seemed potentially profitable.
Father Junipero Serra	Founded 9 of the Franciscan missions on the California coast in the 1780's.
Virginia Company	Joint stock company that established the 1st permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
Jamestown	Est. 1607 - 1st settlers suffered great hardships from indian attacks, famine, and disease. Located in a swampy area on the James River that bred dysentery and mylaria. Many settlers were gentlemen unaccustomed to work and others sought gold.
Captain John Smith	Became leader of Jamestown and saved colony from demise. Forceful leader who made colonists work to plant food and build shelters.
John Rolfe	Established the tobacco industry in Jamestown. He and wife Pocahontas developed a new variety of tobacco. Brought financial prosperity to the colony.
Royal Colony	Colony under the control of a king or queen.
Puritans	Wanted to purify the Church of England of remaining Catholic rituals and traditions. Viewed by King James as a threat to his religious and political authority. Group was persecuted. Founded Plymouth and Mass. Bay Colony.
Plymouth Colony	Founded by a group of Sepratists who 1st migrated to Holland and then founded a new colony. The Virginia Co. granted them land. Fewer than 1/2 of the 100 colonists were Sepratists. (1620)
Separatists	A puritan who wanted to break away from the Chursh of England and form their own church.

Created by: govtchr