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Psych part2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell body | soma, includes nucleus and mitochondria |
| dendrite | where information comes into the cell, includes dendrites spines |
| Axon | where the information travels or goes through,includes Myelin, nodes of Ranvier, axon terminals (terminal buttons) |
| Myelin | fatty substance surrounding the Axon that speeds the ability of neurons to communicate with each other |
| Nodes of Ranvier | exposed bits of Axon (in between myelin) |
| Schwann cells | attach themselves to the Axon and as they grow, they completely coat the axon multiple times surrounding the axon (that is the myelin), insulate the axon for better electrical connections |
| (Axon) Presynaptic terminals | where communication occurs, where information comes out of, connects to muscle |
| input zone | dendrites, cell body |
| conducting zone | axon, cell body, dendrites |
| output zone | axon terminals |
| The law of forward conduction | information travels through a neuron always in the same direction |
| Communicate by changes in rate of firing | Nerve impulses are always of the same magnitude, the rate only changes |
| Neurons fire in all-or-none fashion | Needs chemical changes at the axon pila to generate a nerve impulse, if there is no chemical change then there is no nerve impulse |
| membranes | cell walls |
| Ions | atoms or group of atoms that carry an electric charge |
| Gated ion channel | sometimes open and sometimes closed, has the ability to close, stop and allow the flow of ions |
| Semi-permeable ion channel | they will allow the passage of some ions and not others, the channel might be so small that large ions cannot get through |
| Electrostatic force | ions of different electrical charge will want to go in the direction of their opposites |
| Diffusion force | down a concentration gradient, “resting” potential because they are still waiting for their purpose but firing of neurons are still happening |
| Resting potential | More negatively charged particles inside neuron and more positively charged particles outside neurons, an electrical polarization across the membrane of an axon |
| graded potential | |
| action potential | an excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength, no matter how far it must travel |
| potential | |
| glia | |
| terminal bouton | presynaptic ending |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical that can activate receptors on other neurons |
| post-synapse neuron | the neuron on the receiving end of the synapse |
| physiological explanation | describes the mechanism that produces a behavior |
| evolutionary explanation | relates behavior to the evolutionary history of the species |
| electroencephalograph (EEG) | uses electrodes on the scalp to record rapid changes in brain electrical activity |
| magnetoencephalograph (MEG) | records magnetic changes in the brain electrical activity |
| unexplained performance syndrome | |
| positronemission tomography (PET) | records radioactivity of various brain areas emitted from injected chemicals |
| functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | uses magnetic detectors outside the head to compare the amounts of hemoglobin with and without oxygen in different brain areas |
| central nervous system | consists of the brain and the spinal cord, communicates with the rest of the body through the peripheral nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system | consists of bundles of nerves between the spinal cord and the rest of the body |
| autonomic nervous system | the peripheral nerves that control the heart, stomach, and other internal organs (that are involuntary) |
| cerebral cortex | outer covering of the forebrain |
| Gated ion channel | sometimes open and sometimes closed, has the ability to close, stop and allow the flow of ions |
| Semi-permeable ion channel | they will allow the pasage of some ions and not others, the channel might be so small that large ions cannot get through |
| Acetylcholine (Ach): | released at skeletal muscles |
| Dopamine (DA): | movement, attention, learning |
| Loss of dopamine | Parkinson’s disease |
| Norepinephrine (NE): | wakefulness |
| Serotonin (5-HT): | eating, sleep, pain |
| Endogenous opioids (endorphin) (internally occurring) (morph like substances): | analgesia, reinforcement, A long distance runner will release this early in a race so that their muscles do not hurt as much, Taste |
| Temporal lobe | Auditory cortex, Aspects of emotion, Verbal comprehension (lateralized) |
| Occipital lobe | Visual cortex |
| amygdala | a subcortical structure deep within the temporal lobe, responds strongly to emotional situations |
| frontal lobe | primary motor cortex, aspects of memory (planning), speech production (lateralized), evolutionary new piece of the brain, phineas gage, personality (maybe) |
| parietal lobe | somatosensory cortex, specialized for the body sense (touch, pain, temperature, awareness of location of body parts in space) (phantom limbs) |
| somatosensory cortex | awareness of location of body parts in space |
| prefrontal cortex | anterior sections of the frontal lobe that contribute to certain aspects of memory and to the organization and planning of movements (decision making) |
| Cerebrum | Rapid movement, Smooth movement, Parkinson’s disease can be found here iv. Timing |
Created by:
AnonymousTip
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