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Ch.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Uniformitarianism | The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface. |
| Erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rocks and soil. |
| Weathering | The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances. |
| Mechanical Weathering | The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces. |
| Chemical Weathering | The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. |
| Abrasion | The grinding away of rocks by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind. |
| Frost Wedging | Process that splits rocks when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands. |
| Oxidation | A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust. |
| Permeable | Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily. |
| Soil | The loose, weathered material on earth's surface in which plants can grow. |
| Bedrock | Rock that makes up earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath it. |
| Fertility | A measure of how well soil supports plant growth. |
| Loam | Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt. |
| pH Scale | A range of values used to indicate how acid or basic a substance; express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. |
| Soil Horizon | A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above it or below it. |
| Topsoil | The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other materials and humus (nutrients and decaying plants and animal matter). |
| Subsoil | The layer of soil below topsoil that has less pant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other materials. |
| Decomposer | An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water. |
| Natural Resource | Anything naturally occuring in the environment that humans use. |
| Soil Conservation | The management of soil to limit its destruction. |
| Crop Rotation | The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soils fertility. |
| Contour Plowing | Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss. |
| Conservation Plowing | Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous years crop are plowed into the ground. |
| Humus | Dark-colored organic material in the ground. |
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lad201177713
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