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earths surface
Chapter 2 Weathering and Soil
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lesson 1 | Rocks and weathering |
| uniformitarianism | geological principle that the same geologic process that operates today and the past to change the earths surface |
| erosion | When water, air, ice,or gravity moves weathered rocks or soil |
| weathering | chemical and physical process that breaks down rock and other substances |
| mechanical weathering | the process where rock is physically weathered away |
| chemical weathering | the process that breaks down rocks through chemical changes |
| abrasion | rock grinding away other rock particles through water, air, or ice |
| frost wedging | when the rocks expand and water seeps through freezing and then expanding |
| oxidation | A chemical change where a substance combined with oxygen forming rust |
| permeable | characteristic of a material that contain connected air spaces or pores that water can seep through easily |
| lesson 2 | how soil forms |
| bedrock | solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium. |
| humus | the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms. |
| fertility | the quality of being fertile; productiveness. |
| loam | a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus. |
| pH scale | Mixing acids and bases can cancel out or neutralize their extreme effects. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. |
| soil horizon | A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath |
| topsoil | the top layer of soil |
| subsoil | the soil lying immediately under the surface soil. |
| decomposer | an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material. |
| soil | the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. |
| Lesson 3 | soil conservation |
| soil conservation | the management of soil to prevent its destruction |
| crop rotation | planting different crops each year to maintain the soils fertility |
| contour plowing | plowing fields around the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss |
| conservation plowing | soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from previous years crop are plowed into the ground |
| natural resource | anything occurring naturally in the environment that humans use |
Created by:
arw201198622
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