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Chapter 11

TermDefinition
Alternating current An electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals, typically used in power supplies.
American Wire Gage System for sizing round wires based on their cross-sectional area where smaller numbers represent larger wire.
Ammeter Meter that is used to measure current.
Atom Microscopic building block of matter, made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Battery Electrical connection of two or more cells.
Capacitor Component that consists of two conductive plates separate by an insulator called a dielectric.
Cell Device that generates electricity through chemical action.
Circuit board Rigid piece of insulation is used as a platform for circuitry.
Compact fluorescent lamp Design to replace a incandescence light buld.
Conductor Material with low resistance that easily passes electrons from one atom to another.
Continuity tester Tool used to test if there is a complete path between two points.
Coulomb Measurement of the amount of electricity.
Current Measure of electrons per unit time.
Diobe Component that limits current flow to one direction.
Direct current Current flow in one direction, where polarity never changes.
Electrical engineering Design and construction of electrical and electronic systems, components, and device.
Electricity Movement of electrons.
Electrode Solid conductor through which electricity enters or leaves a medium.
Electron Negatively charged subatomic particle.
Fluorescent lamp Energy-efficient lamp that uses long tube coated on the inside with phosphorous and filled with an insert gas.
Gas discharge lamp Lamp that creates light when gas inside of a globe is ionized and glows.
Generator Device that produces electricity by changing mechanical energy to electrical energy through the use of magnets.
Hybrid car Fuel-efficient car that uses an internal combustion engine combined with an electric motor and batteries.
Incandescent lamp Device that uses electricity to heat a tungsten filament in a vacuum until it glows and creates light.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Broadest professional society for electrical engineers ,with over 375,000 members in more than 160 countries.
Insulators Material with a very high resistance that does not allow current flow.
Integrated circuit Consists of multiple electronic circuits etched into a thin layer of silicon and enclosed in a protective material like plastic.
Ion Electrically charged atom.
Law of conservation of energy Law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.It can only be covered from one form to another.
Light-emitting diode lamp Extremely efficient lamp that creates light by forward biasing semiconductor material.
Motor Device that uses magnetism to change electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Neutron Subatomic particle with a neutral charge.
Ohm Base unit of measurement of resistance.
Ohmmeter Meter that is used to measure resistance.
Ohm's law Law that defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
Oscilloscope Electrical test device whose screen can show the exact shape of a wave and, therefore, any possible distortion.It can measure voltage, frequency, pulses, and the timing of multiple signals.
Parallel circuit Circuits that have more than one load and multiple paths for current flow.
Polarity Positive or negative condition at the power supply terminal.
Power Rte at which work is done or energy is transmitted.
Primary cell Disposable cell.
Proton Subatomic particle with a positive charge.
Resistance The opposition to current flow.
Resistor Electrical component used to limit current flow and divide voltage.
Schematic diagram Basic sketch of circuitry showing schematic symbols for parts and line to present conductors.
Schematic symbol Simple symbols used to represents electrical parts.
Secondary cell Cell that can be recharged.
Semiconductor Material with conductive capabilities between that of conductors and insulators.
Sensor Component that creates and electrical signal based on environmental conditions.Can be used to monitor things like temperature and light.
Series circuit Circuits with only one path for current to flow from the power source through the circuit and back to the power source.
Series-parallel combination circuit Circuits with characteristics of both series and parallel circuits.
Solar cell Cell that uses light to produce electricity.
Solderless breadboard Platform ideal for experimentation and testing circuits before they are constructed.
Statics electricity Excess of charge on the surface of an object.
Switch Electrical device used to open and close circuits or redirect current from one circuit to another.
Transistor Device used as a solid state switch or amplifier.
Troubleshoot To systematically search for the cause of a failure.
Valence shell Atom's outer ring of electrons.
Variable resistor Resistor whose resistance can be changed, usually by rotating a knob or sliding a switch.
Volt Based unit of voltage.
Voltage Amount of pressure behind the flow of electrons.
Voltmeter Meter that is used to measure voltage.
Volt-ohm-millammeter Meter that is used to measure voltage , current, and resistance.
Watt Unit of electrical power.
Watt's law Law that states the power equals effort multiplied by rate.
Zener diode Diode that can conduct in reverse bias and is commonly used in voltage regulation.
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