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Minerals and Rocks

QuestionAnswer
Define mineral- 5 characteristics Solid, Crystal shape, Inorganic, Elements all the same (same compound throughout), Naturally occuring
Define a rock a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter Luster
Testing how light reflects off the mineral's surface is testing the mineral's what? Luster
Testing how a rock breaks (clean pattern or not) is testing what about the mineral? Cleavage or fracture
The color left behind when a mineral is scratched across a surface is called? The streak test
A minerals resistance to being scratched? Hardness
Testing how much mass in how much volume is testing what about the mineral? Density (compaction of atoms)
Rocks that form from lava rapidly cooling outside of the earth? Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Rock that forms as magma slowly cools inside the earth? Intrusive Igneous Rock
Tiny bits of rock formed by weathering make? Sediments
What type of rock is formed by molten rock cooling and hardening? Igneous
When sedimentary rocks are exposed to heat and pressure they become what type of rock? Metamorphic
When metamorphic rocks are exposed to weathering and erosion breaks off into what? Sediments
Sediments that experience compaction and cementation form what type of rock? Sedimentary rock
Ongoing process that changes rocks and has no beginning or end? Rock cycle
Hot molten rock UNDER the ground is called _______? Magma
Hot molten rock that has reach the surface of the earth through a volcano is called ________? Lava
When molten rock cools SLOWLY, the grains (crystals) are _________. Large
When molten rock cools QUICKLY, the grains (crystals) are ________. Small
When molten rock cools almost instantly . . . No crystals (volcanic glass or air bubbles/holes)
Heat and pressure can press minerals into _________. Foliation (minerals line up)
Metamorphic rock without visible layers of minerals Non-foliation
Sedimentary rock formed when water evaporates leaving minerals behind, found at geysers, hot springs and sea-water coasts Chemical sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rock formed when dead plant and animal matter is compressed, examples are chalk, coal and limestone Organic sedimentary rock
Rock that has large pieces of other rocks and/or tiny grains in it is called _______. Clastic sedimentary rock
"Fire Rock" rock formed from cooled molten rock. Igneous
Weathering The breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by the actions of wind, water, and temperature changes.
Erosion Moving of sediments by wind, water, and ice
Cementation Process of minerals crystallizing to hold sediments together
Compaction Pressing down of sediments
Why isn't a brick classified as a mineral? It is not naturally occurring, it is man made
Using the rock cycle, explain how a rock changes from magma to sedimentary rock? Magma heats up and flows out on the earth's surface as lava. The lava cools and becomes igneous. Erosion and weathering break down the rock and carry it away which makes it sedimentary rock.
Why are coal and a glass marble NOT minerals? Coal is organic, glass doesn't have a crystal form,
Why does a fossil have to be present in the original sedimentary rock so that a fossil can be found in a metamorphic rock? Metamorphic rock forms from igneous and sedimentary rock; igneous would burn the fossils.
Why can’t igneous and metamorphic rocks hold fossils? Too hot or too much pressure
Igneous rock comes from volcanic activity. Where on earth’s surface would we have an area rich in igneous rocks? Near volcanoes
Explain how the two types of metamorphism are different? Contact metamorphism is near magma that causes the minerals to flatten, Regional metamorphism is over a large part of land with a lot of pressure to change the minerals.
Ohio also has lots of limestone. What must have been in the water covering Ohio millions of years ago? Ocean with life (shells, sea creatures)
Stratification is When sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.
Created by: meginnij
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