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Fluids imbalances
different fluid imbalances and their causes, basic term definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osmosis | passive movement of fluid from low to high conc |
| diffusion | passive movement from hight to low conc |
| active transport | uses atp to move from low to high conc |
| hydrostatic pressure | pushing pressure against wall |
| colloid oncotic pressure | pulling force for water/fluids |
| isotonic | equally concentrated with other solution |
| hypotonic | less conc than other solutions |
| hypertonic | more conc than other solutions |
| isotonic fluid loss: | -loss of fluids and solutes-serum osmolarity unchanged-primarily ECF-can quickly lead to shock |
| causes of isotonic fluid loss: | hemorrhage, GI, fever, burns, diuretics, 3rd space fluid shifts |
| hypertonic dehydration: | -more water than solute/gain of solute in excess water-serum osmolarity elevated-hypertonic ECF-pulls fluid from cells/dehydration |
| causes of hypertonic dehydration: | inadequate fluid intake, severe/prolonged isotonic fluid loses, watery diarrhea, diabetes, increased solute, ECF and ICF losses |
| third spacing: | ECF fluid usually not present in these spaces in large amoungs |
| common locations for third spacing: | tissue spaces, abdomen, pleural spaces, pericardial spaces |
| causes of third spacing: | injury, inflammation, malnutrition, liver dysfunction, high vascular hydrostatic pressure |
| isotonic fluid excess: | -fluid and solute NA equal-no change in serum osmolarity-excess vascular fluid/interstitial volume |
| causes of isotonic fluid excess: | renal failure, heart failure, increased fluid intake, increased corticosteroid and aldosterone |
| hypotonic fluid excess: | -more fluid than solute gain-serum osmmolarity lowers |
| causes of hypotonic fluid excess: | plain water enemas, ng tube, bladder irrigations, overuse of hypotonic IV fluid, overzealous plain water intake, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secreation |
| edema: | palpable swelling produced by expansion of interstitial fluid volume |
| causes of edema: | increased cap hydrostatic pressure, decreased cap oncotic pressure, lymphatic obstruction, sodium excess |
Created by:
littlemissnurse
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