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Chapter 4
Cells and Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate; high-ebergy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate; low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP |
| chemosynthesis | process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light |
| photosynthesis | process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water |
| chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms |
| thylakoid | membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis |
| light-dependent reactions | part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions |
| light-independent reaction | part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates |
| photsystem | series of light-absorbing pigment and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane |
| electron transport chain | series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transerring electrons |
| ATP synthase | enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP |
| Calvin cycle | process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2 |
| cellular respiration | process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen to occur |
| glycolysis | anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced |
| anaerobic | process that does not require oxygen to occur |
| Krebs cycle | process during cellular respiration that breaks down a cabron molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain |
| fermentation | anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis |
| lactic acid | product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells |
Created by:
harolds21
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