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EPSC Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From where did we come? (Supposed Explosion) | Rosette Nebula |
| Mercury: terrestrial or gaseous? | Terrestrial |
| Venus: terrestrial or gaseous? | Terrestrial |
| Mars: terrestrial or gaseous? | Terrestrial |
| Jupiter: terrestrial or gaseous? | Gaseous |
| How many major moons does Jupiter have? | 4 |
| Saturn: terrestrial or gaseous? | Gaseous |
| What is the name of Saturn's satellite? | Titan |
| Uranus: terrestrial or gaseous? | Gaseous |
| Neptune: terrestrial or gaseous? | Gaseous |
| Pluto's comets are largely composed of what? | Water |
| A nebula is largely composed of what two elements? | Hydrogen and helium |
| What is the lifespan of our sun? | 10 billion years |
| At what temperature does the sun emit radiation? | 6000° Kelvin |
| How long does it take light from the sun to reach earth? | 8 minutes |
| Where is the Southern Ocean? | The ocean area surrounding Antarctica (my only living relative) |
| How far is it from the center to the surface of the Earth? | 6381 km |
| What instrument is used to determine latitude? | sextant |
| What instrument is used to determine longitude? | chronometer |
| Who developed the first chronometer to be used on the ocean? | John Harrison |
| What is the percentage of water to land on the Earth's surface? | 29.2% land 70.8% ocean |
| What are the relative percentage sizes of the oceans? | Pacific 50.1% Atlantic 21% Indian 20.5% Arctic 3.4% |
| What is the mean depth of the oceans? | 4 km |
| What is the circumference of the earth? | 40,000 km or 24, |
| In what year did most European voyages begin? | 1492 |
| How long did a circumnavigational voyage take? | 3 years |
| In what yeas did Darwin sail with The Beagle? | 1831-1836 |
| What was the mission of the HMS Challenger? | To study the ocean |
| What was the purpose of the FRAM voyage? | Look for continent? |
| When did the FRAM sail? | 1893-1896 |
| Who published the first map of the Gulf Stream? | Benjamin Franklin |
| Who is responsible for compositing of early data mining? | Matthew Maury |
| The ocean has large quantities of what three elements? | Sodium, magnesium, chlorine |
| What is used now to probe the ocean depths? | Submarines |
| What unit is temperature measured in? | Degrees Kelvin |
| What unit is mass measured in? | Grams |
| What unit is time measured in? | Seconds |
| What unit is length measure in? | Centimeters |
| What unit is electric charge measured in? | Electrostatic |
| What is Newton's first law of inertia? | An object remains in its initial state whether of rest or constant velocity until acted upon. |
| What is Newton's second law of force? | F = ma in DYNES |
| What is Newton's third law of response? | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| From where do volatiles arise? | Volcanic activity |
| How wide is a typical human hair? | 70 microns |
| What are nuclear forces? | Source of energy output from the sun and other stars |
| What are electromagnetic forces? | Forces between charged particles such as electrons and protons |
| What is gravitational force? | What holds together the universe and holds us and our atmosphere here on Earth |
| What is radiative transport? | The means by which solar energy reaches us |
| What is convective transport? | The second method of energy transport |
| What is conductive transport? | Third method where energy diffuses by collisions among molecules |
| What is work? | A force moved through a distance |
| What is power? | Work done/sec |
| Crust of the Earth: | Surface to 360 km composed of mainly silicates |
| Mantle of the Earth: | 30 km to 2900 km composed of mainly Fe and Mg silicates |
| Core of the Earth: | 2900 to 6370 km composed of mainly Fe and Ni |
| Lithosphere: | surface to 100 km |
| Asthenosphere: | 100 km to 700 km |
| Mesosphere: | 700 km to 2900 km |
| Outer Core: | Liquid Fe-Ni |
| Inner Core: | Rigid Fe-Ni |
| What is seismology? | Studying of earthquakes/seismic waves |
| Who put forth the idea of plate tectonics? | Meteorologist Alfred Wegner |
| Who was responsible for the study of earth floor spreading? | Henry Hess |
| Who measured the magnetic field at the ocean floor? | Vine and Matthews |
| Is the sea floor younger or older toward continents? | Older |
| What are three types of boundaries between plates? | divergent, convergent and transform |
| What are seamounts? | Conical underwater volcanoes |
| What are tablemounts? | Flat-topped underwater volcanoes |
| What is paleo-oceanography | Study of changes in shape, composition, and character of oceans through time |
| What was the formation that froze the earth solid? | Rodinia |
| What is thermodynamics? | The physics of heat and its convection into mechanical work and vice versa |
| What is Dalton's law of partial pressure? | A gas can be considered to be composed of an independent mixture of gases |
| What causes convective clouds to quickly form of land? | Solar heating |
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