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Medical Terms
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | A state of equilibrium that is maintained within the body's internal environment |
| Atom | The smallest, most basic chemical unit of an element |
| Proton | A positively charged particle |
| Neutron | Without any electrical charge |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus of an atom |
| Chemical Elements | Made up of atoms, which can be classified on the basis of their atomic number into groups called elements |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into any other substance |
| Molecule | A chemical combination of 2 or more atoms that form a specific chemical compound |
| Water | Is a tasteless, clear, odorless liquid that makes up 65% of a male's body weight and 55% of a female's body weight |
| Cells | Considered basic building blocks for the various structures that together make up a human being |
| Cell Membrane | The outer covering of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | The substance between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. Is a jellylike material that is mostly water. |
| Nucleus | Responsible for the cell's metabolism, growth, and reproduction |
| Chromosomes | The central portion of the cell. Microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics |
| Genome | The complete set of genes and chromosomes tucked inside each of the body's trillions of cells |
| Stem Cells | The precursors of all body cells |
| Regenerative/Reparative Medicine | Highly plastic adult stem cells from a variety of sources, including umbilical card blood and bone marrow. Used in medical therapies. |
| Tissue | A grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions |
| Epithelial Tissue | Appears sheetlike arrangements of cells, sometimes several layers thick, that form the outer surfaces of the body and line the body cavities and the principal tubes and passageways leading to the exterior. |
| Connective tissue | The most widespread and abundant of the body tissues. Forms the supporting network for the organs of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. |
| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary muscle. Striated in appearance and is anchored by tendons to bone |
| Smooth Muscle | Involuntary muscle. Found within the wall of organs and structures |
| Cardiac Muscle | Involuntary muscle. A specialized for of striate tissue found only in the heart |
| Nerve Tissue | Consists of nerve cells and supporting cells. Also known as neuroglia. |
| Organs | Multiple different tissues serving a common purpose or function make up structures |
| System | A group of different organs functioning together for a common purpose |
| Direction | Describe the location of organs or body parts in relationship to one another |
| Sagittal Plane | Vertically divides the body or structure into right and left sides |
| Midsagittal Plane | Divides the body or structure into right and left halves |
| Transverse/Horizontal Plane | Any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
| Coronal/Frontal Plane | Any plane that divides the body at right angles to the midsagittal plane. Also divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions |
| Cavity | A hollow space containing body organs |
| Thoracic Cavity | The area of the chest containing the heart and the lungs. Other organs are the esophagus, trachea, thymus, and certain large blood and lymph vessels. |
| Pericardial Cavity | The space containing the heart |
| Pleural Cavity | The spaces containing the lungs |
| Abdominal Cavity | The space below the diaphragm. Commonly known as the belly. Contains the stomach, intestines, and other organs of digestion. |
| Pelvic Cavity | The space formed by the bones or the pelvic area. Contains the organs of reproduction and elimination. |
| Cranial Cavity | The space containing the brain |
| Spinal Cavity | The space within the bony spinal column that contains the spinal cord and spinal fluid. |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | The combination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Also divided into 9 regions. |
| Right Hypochondriac | Upper right region at the level of the 9th rib cartilage |
| Left Hypochondriac | Upper left region at the level of the 9th rib cartilage |
| Epigastic | Region over the stomach |
| Right Lumbar | Right middle lateral region |
| Left Lumbar | Left middle lateral region |
| Umbilical | In the center, between the right and left lumbar regions; at the navel |
| Right Iliac | Right lower lateral region |
| Left Iliac | Left lower lateral region |
| Hypogastric | Lower middle region below the navel |
| Abdomen | Divided into 4 corresponding regions that are used for descriptive and diagnostic purposes. |
| Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) | Contains the right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, part of the small and large intestines |
| Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) | Contains the left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, part of the small and large intestines |
| Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) | Contains part of the small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter. |
| Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) | Contains part of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter |
| Trunk | AKA Torso; is an anatomical term for the central part of the human body. Includes the thorax (chest) and abdomen. |
Created by:
Dark2011
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