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Chapter 6
Chapter 6 - For Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following layers of the Earth is composed of a mixture of liquid iron and nickel? A. inner core, B. outer core, C. mantle, D. lower crust, E. asthenosphere | B. outer core |
| Which layer of the Earth makes up most of the planet (by far)? A. crust, B. mantle, C. outer core, D. inner core | B. mantle |
| In an eroded syncline, you will find the _____ rocks in the center of the geologic structure, but in an eroded anticline, you will find the _____ rocks in the center of the structure. A.oldest…youngest, B. youngest…oldest, C. gold-bearing…silver-bearing | B. youngest…oldest |
| Petroleum geologists find large accumulations of petroleum and natural gas in _____. A. synclines, B. anticlines | B. anticlines |
| The Black Hills in western South Dakota, the home of Mount Rushmore, are an example of a _____. A. normal fault sequence, B. transform faults system, C. geologic dome, D. geologic basin | C. geologic dome |
| Normal faults are also known as _____ faults because of the way they move down the fault plane. A. thrust, B. transform, C. reverse, D. gravity | D. gravity |
| Low angle reverse faults, also known as _____, transport crust for miles along shallow-dip fault planes. A. transform, B. transverse, C. normal, D. thrust | D. thrust |
| Another term for a transform fault is a _____ fault. The San Andreas Fault system is one such fault. A. reverse, B. normal, C. thrust, D. strike-slip | D. strike-slip |
| The relatively small piece of lithosphere (either oceanic or continental crust) that has been tectonically attached to the edge of a large region of continental crust is referred to as a(n) _____. A. ophiolitic sliver, B. abyssal plain, C. floodplain, D. delta, E. terrane | E. terrane |
| The tectonic process of _____ _____ is the process by which continental crust grows through geologic time. A. transform slivering, B. transform zoning, C. trench tectonics, D. accretionary tectonics | D. accretionary tectonics |
| What percent of the Earth’s volume is contained in the mantle? | 82% |
| The “rocky” type of mantle, peridotite, is a mixture of what two silicate minerals? | olivine and pyroxene |
| What sphere refers to the outer layer that includes the crust and upper mantle? | lithosphere |
| What sphere refer to the rocks about 70 miles down that are extremely hot and flow within the upper mantle? | asthenosphere |
| What are the two types of rock deformation? | brittle and ductile |
| What are the three major type of geologic structures? | folds, joints, and faults |
| What are the two fundamental types of folds? | anticlines and synclines |
| Of the anticlines and synclines, which forms when rocks are arched upwards and which forms when rocks are arched downward? | anticlines form when rocks arch upwards and synclines form when rocks arch downwards |
| _____ are fractures in the crust along which movement of rocks on either side has occurred. | faults |
| _____ _____ are faults in which the movement is vertical. | dip-slip faults |
| In a dip fault, what is the block positioned over the fault and the block positioned under the fault? | hangingwall is the block over and footwall is the block under |
| Dip-slip faults are classified as _____ _____ when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall in response to _____. | normal faults…gravity |
| _____ are usually represented by low-lying areas such as rifts and river valleys whereas _____ represent the ridges between or on either side of these valleys. | graben…horsts |
| What kinds of forces are caused by continent-continent collisions which cause groups of thrust faults. | compressional |
| _____ _____ form when the dominant displacement is along the trend, or strike, of the fault. | strike-slip faults |
| What is the most famous strike-slip in western California? | San Andreas Fault |
| Key point to remember about strike-slip faults is that they have movement predominantly in what direction? | horizontal |
| The term _____ is applied to all the processes that collectively lead to the formation of a mountain belt, or mountain chain. | orogenesis |
| What is a curved chain of volcanic islands located at a tectonic plate margin called? | island arc |
| When collisions occur between oceanic and continental plates, these plateaus and microcontinents may accrete to the edges. Accreted crustal blocks are called _____. | terranes |
Created by:
TManning81
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