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Med Surg 1
Chapter 13 - Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acidosis | Acid-Base imbalance characterized by an increase in H+ concentration. Decreased blood pH. |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Low arterial pH due to reduced bicarbonate concentration. |
| Respiratory Acidosis | Low arterial pH due to increased PCO2. |
| Ascites | Type of edema in which fluid accumulates in peritoneal cavity. |
| Active Transport | Physiologic pump that moves fluid from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. Requires adenosine triphosphate for energy. |
| Alkalosis | Acid-Base imbalance characterized by reduction in H+ concentration. Increased blood pH. |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | High arterial pH with increased bicarbonate concentration. |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | High arterial pH due to reduced PCO2. |
| Diffusion | Process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Does not require expenditure of energy. |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system that involves positive and negative mechanisms. |
| Hydrostatic Pressure | Pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it. |
| Hypertonic Solution | Solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum. |
| Hypotonic Solution | Solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum. |
| Isotonic Solution | Solution with the same osmolality as serum and other body fluids. |
| Osmolality | Number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent. |
| Milliosmoles | Standard unit of osmotic pressure. |
| Osmolarity | Number of milliosmoles per liter of solution. Describes the concentration of solute or dissolved particles. |
| Osmosis | Process by which fluid moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Process continues until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of membrane. |
| Tonicity | Fluid tension or the effect that osmotic pressure of a solution with impermeable solutes exerts on cell size because of water movement across the cell membrane. |
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