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SSA Review - Life
Life Science SSA Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | The smallest unit that is "alive" |
| Cell Membrane | The outer covering of the cell |
| Nucleus | The center of the cell, contains the DNA |
| Cytoplasm | The gooey filling inside the cell |
| Mitochondria | The organelles that make energy for the cell |
| Cell Wall | The thick, tough outermost layer of PLANT cells |
| Choloroplasts | The organelles that contain cholorophyll |
| Vacuoles | The organelles that store materials, ex: water storage in plant cells |
| Homeostasis | The process of maintaining stable internal conditions in order to stay alive |
| Digestive System | Body system that breaks down food. Esophagus, stomach, and intestines |
| Respiratory System | Body system that brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide, Lungs |
| Circulatory System | Body system that brings oxygen and nutrients to cells, and removes carbon dioxide and waste from cells. Heart, blood, arteries & veins |
| Excretory System | Body system that removes waste from the body. Kidneys, bladder, large intestine |
| Immune System | Body system that fights disease and infection, White blood cells & lymph nodes |
| Nervous System | Body system that sends signals to the body and receives information, Brain & nerves |
| Musculoskeletal System | Body system that allows the body to move, Bones & muscles |
| Reproductive System | Body system that allows living things to reproduce, Ovaries & testes |
| Bacteria | Prokaryotic, unicellular living things |
| Prokaryote | A simple cell with out a nucleus (bacteria) |
| Eukaryote | A complex cell with a nucleus and organelles (everything EXCEPT bacteria) |
| Archaea | Bacteria that live in extreme environments |
| Protists | Complex unicellular organisms, "pond scum", amoeba, euglena |
| Fungus | Living things that have cell walls and absorb nutrients from their environment. They do NOT do photosynthesis. Mold, yeast, & mushrooms. |
| Plants | Living things that have cell walls and get energy by doing photosynthesis |
| Animals | Living things that are multi-cellular and must eat for energy |
| DNA | Contains the genetic information for living things. Found in the nucleus of the cell. |
| Heredity | Passing genetic traits from one generation to another |
| Sexual Reproduction | Requires 2 parents. Offspring have a combination of parents DNA & characteristics. |
| Asexual Reproduction | Only 1 parent. Offspring are an exact copy of the parent |
| Mitosis | When a cell divides to make 2 cells. |
| Meiosis | How gametes (reproductive cells) are formed. One cell divides then divides again to make 4 cells, each with 1/2 the original DNA. |
| Dominant Trait | The trait that will be expressed if it is present. Represented by upper-case letters. |
| Recessive Trait | A trait that can be "covered up" by a dominant trait. Represented by lower-case letters. |
| Genotype | The chromosomes that an organism has (BB, Bb, or bb) |
| Phenotype | The appearance of the organism, if the dominant or recessive trait is visible |
| Homozygous | An organism that has two of the same alleles (BB or bb) |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles (Bb) |
| Punnett Square | A graphic that is used to predict the possible offspring |
| Pedigree Chart | A graphic that shows inheritance of a particular trait over several past generations. |
| Fossil | The remains of an organism preserved in rock |
| Autotroph | Producers, make food through photosynthesis |
| Heterotrophs | Consumers, must eat to get energy |
| Decomposers | Break down dead organisms for energy |
| Mutualism | Both species are helped by the interaction... a win-win. Ex: Bees & flowers |
| Parasitism | One species benefits by causing damage to another... a win-lose. Ex: Tapeworm & host |
| Commensalism | One species benefits, the other is neither hurt nor helped Ex: Clownfish & sea anemone |
| Predation | One species eats another species |
| Competition | More than one living thing trying to use the same resources |
| Limiting Factor | Something that limits the number of living things that can survive in a particular area (Ex: Food, water, space) |
| Photosynthesis | Light + carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | Oxygen + sugar = water + carbon dioxide + energy |
Created by:
Stszerdy
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