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Parasitology
Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Steps of malarial paroxsym | asymptomatic incubation period, RBC rupture, 10-15 min chills, 2-6 hour fever, post fever sweating and fatigue, repeat every x hours |
| What is a thick smear used for | detect infection |
| what is a thin smear used for | diagnose species |
| What is the infective stage in humans for plasmodium species | sporozoite |
| After complete clearing of RBC infection due to hypnozoites | Relapse (P. vivax and P. ovale) |
| Some parasites still left in blood after it was thought to be gone | Recrudescence (occurs in all four species) |
| Species with 48 hour paroxysm length | P. ovale and p. vivax |
| Species with 72 hour paroxysm length | P. malariae |
| Species with 36-48 hour paroxysm length | P. Falciparum |
| What kind of symptoms occur with plasmodium species | flu-like |
| Which plasmodium species is most harmful | P. falciparum, brain, kidney and liver frequently involved |
| Which plasmodium species infects young/immature cells | P. vivax and P.ovale |
| Which plasmodium species infects only mature cells | P. malariae |
| Which plasmodium species infects all ages of cells | P. falciparum |
| What is the vector for the plasmodium species | mosquito (spp. Anopheles) |
| Which species of plasmodium is characterized by a rosette arrangement of merozoites? | Plasmodium ovale |
| Which species of plasmodium is characterized by a band trophozoite? | Plasmodium malariae |
| Which plasmodium species is considered "lively" | Plasmodium vivax |
| Similarities of the miscellaneous parasites | obligate intracellular, single-celled, protozoans, non-flagellated, many have oocyst stages |
| Babesia spp. specimen | blood |
| Isospora belli specimen | feces, duodenal contents |
| Toxoplasma gondii | blood (csf) |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | Stool |
| Microsporidium | Serum or cell cultures |
| Pneumocystis | Bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheobronchial aspirate |
| Sarcocystis spp. | Stool |
| Which species cyst embeds in muscle tissue | Sarcocystis |
| Which species embeds in cardiac muscle tissue | Toxoplasma gondii |
| Which spp. trophs form a maltese cross? | Babesia |
| Commonalities among the trematodes | Known as "flukes", complex life cycle, most have mollusk (snail) intermediate host, pass through many life stages (egg, larva, adult worm) |
| Infects intestine, liver or lungs | Organ flukes |
| infects blood vessels around intestines or bladder | Blood flukes |
| Hermaphrodites | Organ flukes |
| Dioecious (need male and female) | Blood flukes |
| Foodborne | Organ flukes |
| Infect by burrowing through skin | blood flukes |
| 2 sporocyst with 4 sporozoites | Isospora belli, Sacrocystis |
| no sporocysts but 4 sporozoites | cryptosporidium parvum |
| Crescent-Shaped forms | tachyzoites in toxoplasma gondii |
| Crescent-shaped forms enclosed in cyst | bradyzoites in cyst of toxoplasma gondii |
| cyst has 4-8 nuclei | pneumocystis jiroveci |
| Schistosoma spp. with prominent large lateral spine | mansoni |
| Schistosoma spp. with small lateral spine | japonicum |
| Schistosoma spp. with large prominent terminal spine | haematobium |
| Which schistosoma spp. is can eggs be found in the urine | haematobium |
| Beef or pork tapeworm | Taenia saginata and solium |
| Rat tapeworm | Hymenolepis diminuta |
| Dwarf tapeworm | Hymenolepis nana |
| Dog or cat tapeworm | Dipylidium caninum |
| Fish tapeworm | Diphyllobothrium latum |
| Hydatid disease | Echinococcus granulosus |
| Causes fatty loose stools | Isospora belli |
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