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Evolution Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | An inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| Analogous structures | Refers to body parts that share a common function but are not structurally related. |
| Artificial Selection | The practice by which humans select plants or animals for breeding based on desired traits. |
| Cladogram | Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms. |
| Common descent | Principle that all living things were derived from common ancestors |
| Descent with modification | Over time, species have evolved into new species. |
| Embryology | The study of development of an organism. If organisms develop in similar ways they are also likely to share a common ancestor. |
| Evolution | Refers to the process in which populations gradually change over time. |
| Extinction | When all of the members of a species have died. |
| Fitness | Describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment. |
| Homologous Structures | Related organisms share common structural traits, like limbs on a human and the front legs of a cat. |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck | Thought that acquired traits, like stronger muscles, could be passed on to offspring. |
| Molecular Evidence | Scientists have found that species that are closely related have similar DNA in their cells. |
| Mutation | A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity. |
| Natural Selection | The process by which organisms that inherit advantageous traits tend to reproduce more successfully than the other organisms do. |
| Speciation | The formation of a new species. |
| Theory | A well-supported and widely accepted explanation of nature. These explain how things happen in nature. |
| Thomas Malthus | Influenced Darwin because he described "the struggle for survival" among species due to population growth and limiting factors. |
| Variations | These are natural differences in traits within a species. |
| Vestigial organs | These no longer have any function in the body but have been retained during the process of evolution. |
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Tayguz2021
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