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Cell Hmwk,B. Bourne
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all organisms; all living things are composed of cells |
| cell theory | the theory that (1)all organisms are composed of one or more cells, (2)the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms, (3)all cells come preexisting cells. |
| electron microscope | instrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times actual size; allows scientists to view structures within a cell. |
| eukaryote | unicellular or multicellular organisms,such as yeast,plants,and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| nucleus | in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA. |
| organelle | membrane-bound structures with particular functions within eukaryotic cells. |
| prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism |
| plasma membrane | flexible boundary between the cell and its environment; allows material such as water and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave. |
| selective permeability | feature of the plasma membrane that maintains homeostasis within a cell by allowing some molecules into the cell while keeping others out. |
| transport proteins | proteins that span the plasma membrane creating a selectively permeable membrane that regulates which molecules enter and leave a cell. |
| cell wall | fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants,fungi,most bacteria,and some protists; provides support and protection. |
| chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green. |
| chloroplast | chlorophyll-containing organelle found the cells of green plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it into chemical energy. |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes. |
| cilia | short,numerous,hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules; frequently aid in locomotion |
| cytoplasm | clear,gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions; in eukaryotic cells,it suspends the cell's organelles. |
| cytoskeleton | cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of microtubules and microfilaments. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellar chemical reactions; can either be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes) |
| flagella | long projections composed of microtubules; found on some cell surfaces; they help propel cells and organisms by a whiplike motion. |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened tubular membranes; sorts and packs proteins and sends them to their appropriate destinations. |
| lysosome | organelle that contains digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out organelles,food particles,and engulfed viruses or bacteria. |
| mitochondria | eukaryotic membrane-bound organelle that transforms energy stored in food molecules; has a highly folded inner membrane that produces energy-storing molecules. |
| nucleolus | organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus that produces ribosomes. |
| plastid | group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments. |
| ribosome | non_membrane-bound organelle in the nucleus where proteins are assembled. |
| vacuole | membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials. |
Created by:
Bryan Bourne
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