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SSA Review - Earth
Earth Science SSA Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Weathering | Breaking down rock into smaller pieces of sediment |
Erosion | The movement of sediment from one place to another |
Depostion | Sediment settles in a new location |
Geosphere | The rocky part of the earth... land, soil, rocks, continents |
Hydrosphere | All water on earth |
Cryosphere | Frozen water on earth... ice caps, glaciers |
Biosphere | The living systems of earth |
Atmosphere | The layer of air that surrounds the planet |
Thermosphere | The outermost layer of the atmosphere, very hot |
Mesosphere | The layer of the atmosphere that protects the earth from meteors |
Stratosphere | The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer, and absorbs UV radiation |
Troposphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere, that contains weather and clouds |
UV Radiation | Dangerous rays from the sun that cause skin cancer. We are protected from these by the Ozone layer |
Climate Change | Change in the average temperature of the planet due to increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere |
Weather | The current conditions in a particular area |
Climate | The long-term pattern of a region |
Radiation | Heat that travels through space. Ex: heat from the sun |
Conduction | Heat that travels through contact. Ex: Warm ocean water heats the air through contact |
Convection | Warm air and/or liquid heats and rises up... then cools and sinks, creating a cycle |
Igneous Rock | Made from cooled magma/lava |
Metamorphic Rock | Made from other types of rock, changed by heat and pressure inside the earth |
Sedimentary Rock | Rock made from built up sediments |
Crust | Surface layer of the earth, contains the tectonic plates |
Mantle | Melted rock (magma) moves in convection currents underneath the crust |
Outer Core | Liquid, center of the earth |
Inner Core | Solid, center of the earth |
Theory of Plate Tectonics | The crust is made of tectonic plates that move |
Continental Drift Theory | Continents were once connected in a super-continent, Pangaea. Over millions of years they separated and moved to their current locations |
Convergent Boundary | Plates that push together |
Divergent Boundary | Plates that pull apart |
Transform Boundary | Plates that move parallel to each other |
Law of Superposition | Newer rocks are on top... older rocks are deeper. |
Relative Dating | Uses law of superposition to determine approximate age of rocks compared to others around them. |
Absolute Dating | Uses radioactive dating (carbon dating) to determine the more exact age of a rock/fossil by measuring radioactive decay of atoms. |