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MODERN GENETICS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| how mairs of chromosomes do humans have | 23 pairs |
| which pair determines the sex of a human | 23rd |
| two sex chromosomes determine if a human is a male | XY |
| two sex chromosomes determine if a human is female | XX |
| sex linked gene | genes found on the X chromosome |
| examples of traits controlled by sex linked genes | hemophilia, colorblindness, muscular dystrophy |
| carrier | a female that does not have the condition but will pass it on to her offspring |
| genetic disorder | an inherited medical disorder caused by DNA abnormality |
| what is the importance of a pedigree chart | it traces the inheritance of a trait back many years |
| circles in pedigree charts represent | girls |
| squares in pedigree charts represent | boys |
| a half colored-in circle represents | a carrier |
| a colored-in square or circle indicates that | that human has the disorder |
| karyotype | a picture of chromosomes |
| three methods people use to develop organisms with desired traits | cloning, selective breeding, genetic engineering |
| genome | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
| selective breeding | the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents |
| inbreeding | a breeding method where two people with identical sets of alleles are crossed |
| hybridization | crossing two genetically different individuals with the purpose of having the best traits in the offspring |
| genetic engineering | genes from one organism are transfered into in the DNA |
| cloning | replicating a fragment of DNA placed in an organism |
| human genome project | identifying the pattern of every gene in a human |
| DNA fingerprinting | DNA is broken down into smaller fragemnts, then joined together to form a fingerprint |
| example of selective breeding | best corn seeds kept and planted in the spting for better harvest |
| example of inbreeding | two plump male and female turkeys that grow quickly |
| example of genetic engineering in bacteria | bacterial cells recieves human gene |
| example of hyrbidization | McIntosh Apple x Red Delicious Apple = Empire Apple |
| example of genetic engineering in other organisms | human genes put into cows to produce milk with human protein |
| example of cloning | cut piece from African Violet plant---> dirt + water = new plant |
| example o DNA fingerprinting | crimminals are caught by detectives finding DNA fingerprints |
| mutation | any change in a persons DNA |
| what is the purpose of antobiotics | to kill bacteria |
Created by:
catiemorgan12
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