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AIDS/HIV!
AIDS/HIV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Statistics | Currently over 32 million adults& 1.4 million children are living with AIDS worldwide. Fastest growing group of infected individuals are women& adolescents. Over 1 million Americans living with(HIV)& 40,000 new cases are reported EVERY YEAR |
| What is AIDS ? | A= Acquired, must acquire or be infected, not genetic I= Immune, affects the immune system D= Deficiency, make immune system deficient S= Syndrome, suffer a wide range of different diseases & opportunistic infections |
| What is HIV? | H= Human; virus can only infect humans I= Immuno; deficiency, virus effect is to create a deficiency, not able to work properly V= Virus; organism is a virus, unable to reproduce itself, needs to take over human cells |
| Pathophysiology of HIV retrovirus infection | HIV virus attaches to protein on surface of helper T cells – they are then unable to activate B cells and Killer T cells. The immune system collapses. |
| How is HIV spread? | Sexual activities Needle sharing Needle sticks Mother to child Blood transfusion (prior to 1985) |
| How is HIV NOT spread? | Blood donation Casual contact/shared food Feces, urine Insect bites Pets Saliva, sweat, tears Swimming pools |
| Air does not kill the virus | Exposure to air,dries fluid containing virus which can “break” the virus CDC suggests drying HIV reduces viral amount by 90-99% within several hrs Can survive for several days in small amount of blood remaining in needle Used needles very r |
| Needles | Can survive for several days in small amount of blood remaining in needle Used needles very risky for HIV transmission If need to reuse, clean w/bleach or alcohol |
| Where is HIV found in body? | Infectious fluids Blood (including menstrual blood) Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk |
| Stages of HIV; A continuum | Infection Primary Infection (Acute Infection) Seroconversion Immune System Decline Mild, Non-Specific Symptoms More Severe Symptoms; Opportunistic infections and diseases |
| HIV Antibody Tests; 3 Kinds | ELISA,Western Blot Assay,Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay |
| ELISA | Very sensitive Tests blood Takes 3.5/4 hrs, may need to wait 1-2 wks Very rarely false negative or false positive Will confirm with Western Blot test HIV Testing |
| ELISA Pros | Early detection helps w/ early treatment Find out whether you can infect others increase commitment to good health habits decrease anxiety w/ neg. test If considering pregnancy |
| ELISA Cons | If test positive, increased anxiety/depression If testing not anonymous, job & insurance discrimination possible |
| ELISA Testing Negative means | No HIV antibodies found at this time Negative Does not Mean You are not infected You are immune You have resistance You will NEVER get AIDS |
| Western Blot Assay | A confirmatory test Done only if ELISA is positive Can be positive, negative or indeterminate just beginning to seroconvert |
| Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay | Used instead of Western Blot Uses a blood sample Faster/ can be used to get info to client more quickly |
| Home HIV Antibody Test | One company,Home Access,has approved antibody test $45-$70depending on payment for 72 hr. results Blood sample from finger prick Call toll free number to register your sample prior to shipping Results take 3days -1wk. Accurate, use same testing proce |
| Accuracy of Tests | Accuracy depends on sensitivity & specificity ELISA 99.5% sensitive For specificity follow up tests (Western Blot/Indirect immunofluorescence assay) used to rule out any false positives Combined testing accuracy is 99% Test Results |
| Positive Means | Carrying HIV (virus causing AIDS) Can infect others |
| Positive Does Not Mean | You have AIDS You will get AIDS You are immune to AIDS |
| What if Positive Medical Care? | Main goal is to get evaluation of general health and immune function Determine if other diseases might be problematic in the future (t.b., syphilis, hepatitis) Get vaccines if not already infected w/ above Antiviral treatments Schedule regular checkup |
| Treatment; Antiviral | Goal is to disable HIV replication AZT, ddI, ddC interfere with protein needed for virus to reproduce Crixivan (protease inhibitor), interfere w/ HIV use of protease enzyme needed for reproduction |
| Treatment; Immune Boosting Therapy | Attempt to bolster ability to fight HIV Try to fortify immune system Combined w/ aggressive anti-viral therapy, may improve body’s response to HIV |
| Antivirals | Viruses controlled by current antiviral therapy Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hepatitis viruses Herpes viruses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Influenza viruses (the “flu”) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| Key characteristics of antiviral drugs | Able to enter the cells infected w/virus Interfere w/viral nucleic acid synthesis &/or regulation Some drugs interfere w/ability of virus to bind to cells Some drugs stimulate the body’s immune system Antiviral Medications |
| Key characteristics of antiviral drugs | Antiviral drugs Used to treat infections caused by viruses other than HIV |
| Antiretroviral drugs | Used to treat infections caused by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS |
| Antiretroviral drugs Used to treat | Virus Infections Herpes-Simplex Viruses HSV-1 (oral herpes) HSV-2 (genital herpes) |
| Antiretroviral drugs Used to treat | Varicella Zoster Virus Chickenpox Shingles |
| Antiviral Drugs: Nonretroviral Mechanism of action | Inhibit viral replication Used to treat non-HIV viral infections Influenza viruses HSV, VZV CMV Hepatitis A, B, C (HAV, HBV, NCV) |
Created by:
LauraHall
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