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9th ENV SCI Ch 9.1
9th ENV SCI Ch 9.1 studying human population
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHY | __________ is the study of the characteristics of populations, especially human populations. |
| SIZE MAKEUP | Demographers study the historical ____ and ______ of the populations of countries to make comparisons and predictions. |
| PROPERTIES | Demographers also study _________ that affect population growth, such as economics and social structure. |
| DEVELOPED DEVELOPING | Countries with similar population trends are often grouped into two categories: _______ and __________ countries. |
| DEVELOPED | ___________ countries have higher average incomes, slower population growth, diverse industrial economies, and stronger social support systems. |
| DEVELOPING | _____________ countries have lower average incomes, simple and agriculture-based economics, and rapid population growth. |
| 1800s | The human population underwent exponential growth in the ____ _ meaning that the population growth rates increased during each decade. |
| FOOD | These increases were mostly due to increases in _____ production and improvements in hygiene that came with industrial and scientific revolution. |
| SUSTAIN | However, it is likely that the Earth can _________ this growth for much longer. |
| AGE STRUCTURE | __ __________ is the classification of members of a population into groups according to age or the distribution of members of a population in terms of age groups and helps demographers make predictions. |
| YOUNG | Countries that have high rates of growth usually have more _____ people than older people. |
| SLOW POPULATION PYRAMID | In contrast, countries that have ____ growth or no growth usually have an even distribution of ages in the population. Age structure can be graphed in a _________ ________ a type of double sided bar graph. |
| SURVIVORSHIP | _______________ is the percentage of newborn individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to a given age. |
| TRENDS | It is used as another way to predict population ______ |
| GROUP | To predict survivorship, demographers study a _____ of people born at the same time and notes when each member of the group dies. |
| GRAPH | The results of these studies are then plotted on a _____ and might look like on of the types of survivorship graphs below. |
| TYPE 1 | Wealthy developed countries such as Japan and Germany currently have a ____ _ survivorship curve because most people live to be very old. |
| TYPE 2 | _____ ___ populations have similar death rate at all ages. |
| TYPE 3 | ____ ___ survivorship is the pattern in which many offsprings die. |
| SLOWLY | Both Type 1 and Type 3 may result in populations that remain the same size or grow _______. |
| FERTILITY RATE | A ______ ________ is the number of births (usually per year) per 1,000 women of childbearing age (usually 15 to 44) |
| 1972 | In _____ the total fertility dropped below replacement level for the first time in US history. |
| GROWING | Fertility rates remained below replacement level for most of the 1990's, but recently has been ______ partly because the children of the baby boom grew up and had children. |
| MIGRATION | ________ in general, is any movement of individuals or populations from one location to another. |
| IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION | Movement into an area is _______ and movement out of an area is _________. |
| DECREASING | The populations of many developed countries might be __________ if not for immigration. |
| DEATH RATES | The dramatic increase in Earth's human population in the last 200 years has happened because ______ ____ have declined more rapidly than birth rates. |
| CLEAN WATER | Death rates have declined mainly because more people now have access to adequate food, _____ ____, and safe sewage disposal. |
| LIFE EXPECTANCY | _________ ___________ is the average length of time that an individual is expected to live. |
| INFANT MORTALITY | Life expectancy is most affected by ______ _______ the death rate of infants less than a year old. |
| DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION | The ____________ ___________ is the general pattern of demographic change from birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, and observed in the history of more-developed countries. |
| INDUSTRIAL | The theory behind the demographic transition is that __________ development causes economic and social progress that then affects population growth rates. |
| ONE THREE | It can take from ___ to ___ generations for the demographic transition to occur. |
| EDUCATION | The factors most clearly related to a decline in birth rates are increasing ________ and economic independence for women. |
| LOWER | In the demographic transition model, the ________ death rate of the second stage is usually the result of increased levels of education. |
| EDUCATED | ____________ women find that they do not need to bear as many chirlden to ensure that some will surive. They may also learn family planning techniques. |
| LOWER | All of these reasons contribute to ______ birth rates in both developed and developing countries, |
Created by:
asimien907
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