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IGHS Winkels
Biology Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join |
| true-breeding (pea plants) | if allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves |
| trait | a specific characteristic, such as a seed color or plant height |
| hybrids | the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| genes | the chemical factors that determine traits |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation |
| gametes | sex cells of a plant |
| probability | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett square | a diagram that shows the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| homozygous | organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait |
| phenotype | physical characteristics |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| independent assortment | alleles for seed shape segregated independently of those for seed color |
| incomplete dominance | one allele is not completely dominant over another |
| codominance | both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
| multiple alleles | genes that have more than two alleles |
| polygenic traits | traits controlled by two or more genes |
| homologous | each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent |
| diploid | a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| haploid | a single set of chromosomes and only a single set of genes |
| meisois | a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a dipoid cell. |
| tetrad | in prophase of meiosis I, each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome |
| crossing-over | a process in which the tetrads exchange portions of their chromatids |
| gene map | shows the relative locations of each known gene on one of the chromosomes of an organism |
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Winkels
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