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Chap. 2 Bio

QuestionAnswer
What four atoms make up 96 percent of all matter today? hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
An element's characteristic number of proton is called? Atomic Number
Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are known as? Isotopes
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is called? Mass number
The way chemist prefer to measure protons, electrons, and neutrons is called? Atomic Mass Unit (amu) or a dalton.
Electrons move around atomic nuclei in specific regions called? Orbitals
How many electrons can an orbital hold? Two
Orbitals are grouped into levels called? Electron Shells
What is the outermost shell of an atom called? Valence Shell
This is one way that shells can be filled is through the formation of? Chemical Bonds
When atoms share electrons through bonding it is called? Covalent Bonding
What four atoms make up 96 percent of all matter today? hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
An element's characteristic number of proton is called? Atomic Number
Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons are known as? Isotopes
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom is called? Mass number
The way chemist prefer to measure protons, electrons, and neutrons is called? Atomic Mass Unit (amu) or a dalton.
Electrons move around atomic nuclei in specific regions called? Orbitals
How many electrons can an orbital hold? Two
Orbitals are grouped into levels called? Electron Shells
What is the outermost shell of an atom called? Valence Shell
This is one way that shells can be filled is through the formation of? Chemical Bonds
When atoms share electrons through bonding it is called? Covalent Bonding
What is an equal sharing of electrons that is symmetrical called? Non-Polar Covalent Bonding
A unequal sharing of electrons that is not symmetrical is called? Polar Covalent Bonding
When some atoms hold electrons in covalent bonds tighter than others so the degree of sharing varies by element is called? Electronegativity
Which element is most electronegative? Oxygen
When electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another it is what type of bonding? Ionic
What is an atom or molecule that carries a charge called? Ion
Positively charged ions are called? Cation
Negatively charged ions are called? Anion
The simplest way to represent a molecule which indicates the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule is called? Molecular Formula
The sum of the mass numbers of all atoms in a molecule is called? Molecular Weight
An agent for getting substances into solution is called? Solvent
Are the covalent bonds in water polar or non polar? Why? Polar, because oxygen and hydrogen differ in their electronegativity. Oxygen is partial negative and hydrogen is partial positive.
When the negative O attracts the positive H what do they form? Hydrogen bonds
What are substances called that interact with water? Hydrophilic
What are substances called that do not interact with water? Hydrophobic
What is binding between like molecules called? Cohesion
Is water cohesion or adhesion? Cohesion
Binding between unlike molecules is called? Adhesion
What is the cohesive force that causes molecules to at the surface of a liquid to stick together, thereby resisting deformation of the liquid's surface and minimizing surface area is called? Surface Tension
What are the two striking properties of water? 1. It expands as it changes from liquid to solid. 2. It has a large capacity for absorbing heat.
What is the energy required to change 1 gram of water from a liquid to a gas is called? Heat of Vaporization
When a proton donor (acid) transfers a proton to a proton acceptor (base) it is called? Acid-Base Reaction
What is the pH of pure water? 7
Why is Carbon the most versatile atom on Earth? Because of its four valence electrons, which means it can form many covalent bonds.
What are the six functional groups of Carbon? Amino, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Phosphate, and Sulfhydryl.
What chemical behavior does amino and carboxyl groups carry out? They drop or attract a proton respectively.
What chemical behavior does the carbonyl group carry out? Links molecules into larger more complex compounds.
What chemical behavior does the hydroxyl group carry out? Acts as weak acids.
What chemical behavior does the phosphate group carry out? It has two negative charges
What chemical behavior does the sulfhydryl group carry out? It links together via disulfide bonds
Created by: HaleyElaine
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