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Chapter 44
Basic Emergency Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where do emergencies occur? | Anywhere |
| What is the emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives? | First aid |
| The goals of first aid include ___________________ death. | Preventing |
| The goals of first aid include preventing injuries from becoming ______________. | Worse |
| To activate the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) you should call _____________. | 911 |
| To activate the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) you should call the local fire or ______________ department. | Police |
| To activate the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) you should call the ________________ operator. | Phone |
| In nursing centers, who decides to activate the EMS system? | Nurse |
| Rules for emergency care include checking for life-threatening problems such as ______________, a pulse, and bleeding. | Breathing |
| Rules for emergency care include keeping the person lying down or as you _______________ them. | Found |
| Moving an injured person could make an injury ______________. | Worse |
| Rules for emergency care include calling for ______________ or having someone activate the EMS system. | Help |
| When on the phone with EMS, do not hang up until the ______________ has hung up. | Operator |
| Rules for emergency care include not __________________ the person's clothes unless necessary. | Removing |
| When you must remove clothing you should tear or cut garments along the _______________. | Seams |
| Basic Life Support (BLS) procedures support _____________________ and breathing. | Circulation |
| The Chain of Survival steps from the AHA's BLS courses are taken for ___________ _____________, sudden cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, stroke, and choking. | Heart attack |
| What is it called when the heart stops suddenly and without warning (also called sudden cardiac arrest)? | Cardiac arrest |
| Within moments of the heart stopping, ______________ will stop. | Breathing |
| Permanent _____________ and organ damage can occur during cardiac arrest if breathing and circulation are not restored. | Brain |
| Signs of sudden cardiac arrest include the person not being able to ________________ when spoken to. | Respond |
| Signs of sudden cardiac arrest include no breathing or no _______________ breathing. | Normal |
| Signs of sudden cardiac arrest include ______________ pulse. | No |
| What is it called when breathing stops but heart action continues for several minutes? | Respiratory arrest |
| If breathing is not restored ____________ arrest will occur. | Cardiac |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves ____________ compressions, airway, breathing, and defibrillation. | Chest |
| Before beginning chest compressions, check for a ______________. | Pulse |
| To check for a pulse, you use the _______________ artery nearest you. | Carotid |
| The carotid artery is located in the ____________. | Neck |
| For effective chest compressions, the person must be in ______________ position on a hard, flat surface. | Supine |
| When giving chest compressions, the _____________ of the hand is placed on the sternum between the nipples. | Heel |
| When giving chest compressions, your arms should be _______________. | Straight |
| When giving chest compressions, your ________________ should be directly over your hands and your fingers interlocked. | Shoulders |
| When giving chest compressions you should press down on the sternum at least __________ inches. | 2 |
| You should give compressions at a rate of ___________ per minute. | 100 |
| The respiratory passages must be _______________ to restore breathing. | Open |
| During sudden cardiac arrest the tongue falls toward the _________ of the throat and blocks the airway. | Back |
| The head tilt - chin lift method opens the _____________. | Airway |
| How many chest compression do you give in one cycle of CPR? | 30 |
| How many breaths are given after each set of chest compressions? | 2 |
| You should see the ____________ rise with each breath given. | Chest |
| A _______________ device is used whenever possible for giving breaths. | Barrier |
| A barrier device _______________ contact with the person's mouth and blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions. | Prevents |
| Mouth-to-nose breathing is used when you cannot breath through the person's _________________. | Mouth |
| Mouth-to-nose breathing is used when you cannot ____________ the mouth. | Open |
| Before giving mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose breathing always check to see if the person has a _______________. | Stoma |
| A defibrillator is used to ______________ the heart and stop V-fib. | Shock |
| ______________ is done if the person does not respond, is not breathing (or no normal breathing), and has no pulse. | CPR |
| The ______________ position is used when the person is breathing and has a pulse but is not responding. | Recovery |
| The recovery position helps keep the airway open and prevents _______________. | Aspiration |
| What is the excessive loss of blood in a short time? | Hemorrhage |
| Pain, shock, vomiting blood, coughing up blood, and loss of consciousness signal _____________ hemorrhage. | Internal |
| To control external bleeding you should not _____________ any objects that have pierced or stabbed the person. | Remove |
| To control external bleeding you should place a sterile ____________ over the wound. | Dressing |
| To control external bleeding you should apply ______________ with your hand directly over the bleeding site. | Pressure |
| If direct pressure does not stop the bleeding, apply pressure to the artery _____________ the bleeding site. | Above |
| When bleeding stops _____________ the wound. | Bind |
| What is the sudden loss of consciousness from an inadequate blood supply to the brain? | Fainting |
| Emergency care for fainting includes raising the __________ if the person is lying down. | Legs |
| Emergency care for fainting includes _________________ tight clothing (belts, ties, scarves, and collars) | Loosen |
| What results when organs and tissues do not get enough blood? | Shock |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include _____________ or falling blood pressure. | Low |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include rapid and weak ____________. | Pulse |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include ______________ respirations. | Rapid |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include cold, moist, and ____________ skin. | Pale |
| Signs and symptoms of _______________ include thirst and restlessness. | Shock |
| When a person is in shock, keep them lying down, maintain an open ______________, and control bleeding. | Airway |
| Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening ______________ to an antigen. | Sensitivity |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic _______________ include sweating, hoarseness, and dyspnea. | Shock |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include shortness of _______________. | Breath |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include_____________ blood pressure. | Low |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include _______________ pulse. | Irregular |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include _______________ congestion. | Respiratory |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include ______________ of the larynx. | Swelling |
| Anaphylactic shock is an emergency, the EMS system must be _________________. | Activated |
| What occurs when the brain is suddenly deprived of its blood supply? | Stroke |
| Emergency care for a stroke involves activating the _____________ system. | EMS |
| Emergency care for a stroke involves loosening tight ____________. | Clothing |
| What are violent and sudden contractions or tremors of muscle groups (convulsions)? | Seizures |
| What is a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells sometimes signal abnormally? | Epilepsy |
| Doctors order _________________ to prevent seizures. | Medications |
| During a _______________ seizure, only one part of the brain is involved and a body part may jerk. | Partial |
| During a generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure urinary and fecal ______________ may occur. | Incontinence |
| When providing emergency care for seizures it is important that you do not _____________ the person alone. | Leave |
| When providing emergency care for seizures place something soft under the person's _______________ to prevent it from striking the floor. | Head |
| Infants, children and older persons are at risk for ___________. | Burns |
| A full-thickness burn involves fat, muscle, and _____________ being injured or destroyed. | Bone |
| When caring for burn victims do not __________ the person if they are in contact with an electrical source. | Touch |
| When caring for burn victims use an object that does not _____________ electricity (rope or wood) to remove an electrical source. | Conduct |
| When caring for burn victims remove hot clothing that is not _________________ to the skin. | Sticking |
| When caring for burn victims _______________ clothing with water. | Cool |
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