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Chapter 41
Developmental Disabilities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A disability occurring before the age of 22 is a __________________ disability. | Developmental |
| What is any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function? | Disability |
| Developmental disabilities (DD) occur before, during, or after ___________. | Birth |
| A DD can be a physical or mental ________________ or both. | Impairment |
| A DD disability is severe, chronic, life-long, and characterized by limited function in 3 or more life _____________. | Skills |
| DD may affect the person's capacity for _________________ living. | Independent |
| DD may affect the person's __________________ self-sufficiency meaning their ability to support oneself financially. | Economic |
| DD adults need ____________-____________ help, support, and special services in the area of housing, employment, education, human rights protection and health care. | Life-long |
| Which type of disability involves severe limits in intellectual function and adaptive behavior? | Intellectual |
| A person with an intellectual disability has significant limit in at least one adaptive ________________. | Behavior |
| Adaptive behaviors are _____________ needed to function in every-day life. | Skills |
| What type of skills involve interpersonal skills, responsibility, not being tricked by others, following rules, and obeying laws? | Social |
| Person with intellectual disabilities can function in society with some ____________. | Support |
| Person with intellectual and developmental disabilities need to be protected from ________________ harassment and abuse. | Sexual |
| Down syndrome (DS) is a common ______________ cause of mild to moderate intellectual disability. | Genetic |
| In DS an ______________ chromosome is present at fertilization. | Extra |
| A child with DS has short, wide hands with stubby ____________. | Fingers |
| A child with DS has eyes that slant _____________. | Upward |
| Persons with DS need _____________, language, physical, and occupational therapies. | Speech |
| What term means to pass down from parents to children? | Inherited |
| Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is _______________ from one's parents. | Inherited |
| With FXS there is a change in the gene that makes a protein needed for _______________ development. | Brain |
| Joints may be ________________ and flexible in a person with FXS, they may be able to extend the elbow, thumb, and knee further than normal. | Loose |
| Cerebral palsy (CP) is term applied to a group of disorders involving muscle ______________ or poor muscle control. | Weakness |
| In CP, the defect is in the _______________ region of the brain and results from brain damage. | Motor |
| Lack of ______________ to the brain is the usual cause of CP. | Oxygen |
| Infants at risk for CP are those that have fetal ______________ syndrome. | Alcohol |
| CP affects body __________________ and body parts. | Movement |
| What term means an uncontrolled contraction of skeletal muscles? | Spastic |
| One or both sides of the ______________ may be involved in the spastic type of CP. | Body |
| A person with athetoid type CP has _____________, slow, weaving, or writhing motions. | Constant |
| What term mean that similar body parts are affected on both sides of the body? | Diplegia |
| Care for a person with CP depends on the _______________ of brain damage. | Degree |
| Signs of autism are seen at about __________ months of age. | 18 |
| A child with autism has problem with ______________ skills. | Social |
| A child with autism prefers to be _______________. | Alone |
| A child with autism has frequent _____________ for no apparent reason. | Tantrums |
| With therapy, a person with autism can learn to change or control _______________. | Behaviors |
| Spina bifida (SB) is a defect of the _______________ column. | Spinal |
| SB can occur anywhere in the spine but the ___________ back is the most common site. | Lower |
| In spina bifida cystica, part of the spinal column is in a pouch or ________. | Sac |
| One type of spina bifida cystica is meningocele in which the sac does not contain ______________ tissue. | Nerve |
| A meningocele can usually be corrected by ______________. | Surgery |
| One type of spina bifida cystica is myeloneningocele (or menigomyelocele) in which nerve ___________ occurs. | Damage |
| Leg ________________ and lack of sensation are common problems with myeloneningocele. | Paralysis |
| Lack of bowel and bladder ______________ is common with myeloneningocele. | Control |
| A myeloneningocele defect is _______________ with surgery. | Closed |
| Some children with myeloneningocele walk with braces or crutches and others use _____________. | Wheelchairs |
| With hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal _______________ collects in and around the brain. | Fluid |
| A child with hydrocephalus has an enlarged _____________. | Head |
| Intellectual disabilities and neurological ________________ occur without treatment for hydrocephalus. | Damage |
| With hydrocephalus, a _____________ is placed in the brain to drain the cerebrospinal fluid. | Shunt |
| Vision problems, _______________, and learning disabilities are common with hydrocephalus. | Seizures |
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