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Bio Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | The process of change by which new species develop from preexisting species over time; at the genetic level, the process in which inherited characteristics within populations change over time; the process defined by Darwin as "descent with modification" |
| Species | A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies |
| Fossil | The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock |
| Catastrophism | Theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth's landforms and caused extinction of some species |
| Gradualism | A model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity |
| Uniformitarianism | Theory that states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time |
| Variation | Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs |
| Adaption | The process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive |
| Artificial selection | The human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits |
| Heritability | Ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next |
| Natural selection | The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution |
| Population | a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area |
| Fitness | Measure of an organism's ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population |
| Biogeography | The study of the geographical distribution of living organisms and fossils on Earth |
| Homologous structure | Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions |
| Analogous structure | Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different |
| Vestigial structure | Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor |
| Paleontology | Study of fossils or extinct organisms |
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mariazierolf
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