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Biology pat in natur

prelim course. patterns in nature biology yearly NSW

QuestionAnswer
What are mitochondria? Source of energy production within a cell
Where would you find mitochondria? IN the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
What do mitochondria produce, and what does it do? ATP to provide energy for other functions within the cell.
What is a cell membrane made of? A phospholipid bilayer and protein.
What happens in the cell membrane? Water is propolled from outside the membrane to inside the membrane, therefore effectively entering the cell.
What does permeable mean? The ability to travel into and out of a structure.
A semi-permeable membrane...? Allows certain things through the membrane and not others.
What is Diffusion? When substances move from HIGHER concentration to lower concentrations, until they are equal.
What is osmosis? When water moves from HIGHER concentrations to lower concentrations.
What does a cell contain? A variety of proteins and nucleic acids.
What is the cell theory? All organisms are made of cells, cells come from other cells, all vital functions of an organism occur within cells, cells contain the information neccessary to produce more cells.
Who discovered cells and how? Robert Hooke discovered cork cells when he looked through a microscope at a piece of cork and saw little circles (the cells).
What are some technological advances significant in developing cell theory? The invention of the light and electron microscopes allowed the cell structure to be more clearly observed and further proved the existence of cells and organelles.
What is in the nucleous? DNA and RNA
Do red blood cells have a nucleous? No.
Chromosones contain what? DNA
Chloroplasts contain what? Chlorophyll.
What does chlorophyll do? Traps sunlight and combines it with water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.
Why do muscles have a lot of mitochondria? Because they contract a lot during movement and a lot of ATP is necessary for these contractions.
Ribosomes do what? Ribosomes make protein.
The Endoplasmic reticulum is what? The area within a cell where the cell's activity takes place.
What do Golgi Bodies do? Store proteins.
Lysosomes do what? Destroy foreign proteins in the cell.
Where are vacuoles found? Found in plants and unicellular animals.
What do vacuoles do? Store water, salts and other substances.
What are prokaryotic cells? Unicellular and contain no nucleous or membrane bound organelles. eg bacteria
What are eukaryotic cells? All organisms except for bacteria are eukaryotic. They contain a nucleous and membrane-bound organelles.
What is an autotroph? Makes own food eg. plants
What is a hetrotroph? Cannot make own food. Eats other living things for energy.
So small object have a smaller or larger SA to V ratio? What does this mean? Larger. It means the cell can produce things at a faster rate.
What cell shape allows for the best SA to V ratio? Flat cell.
Why do different organisms have different circulatory rates? Different metabolic rates - verterbrate animals need more energy and faster.
Verterbrates have a what circulatory system? Closed. Blood doesnt run free through the body.
Inverterbrates have a what circulatory system? Open. Blood runs through their bodies.
What is mitosis? Reproduction of cells. Results in two identical daughter cells. eg. repairs tissue
Xylem tubes...? Transport water.
Phloem tubes...? Transport sugars.
Created by: rizzo
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