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Chapter 9
Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| uniformitarianism | this geological principle states that the geologic process that happen today also happened in the past. |
| erosion | Wearing down and carrying away rocks. |
| weathering | the process that breaks down rock and other substances. |
| mechanical weathering | rock is physically broken down. |
| chemical weathering | breaks down rocks through chemical changes. |
| abrasion | wearing away rock by rock particles carried by ice, water, or gravity. |
| frost wedging | wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks. |
| oxidation | iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water causing rust. |
| permeable | material with tiny holes in that allows water to seep through it. |
| sediment | may consist or rock or soil, or the remains of plant and animals. |
| deposition | when the agent of erosion lay down sediment. |
| gravity | the force that pulls all matter on earth to the center of the planet. |
| mass movement | a process that moves sediment downhill. Includes landslides, mudflows, slumps, and creep |
| runoff | as water moves over land and it carries sediment with it |
| rill | as runoff travels it forms tiny grooves in the soil |
| gully | a large groove or channel in the soil that carries runoff after a storm |
| stream | a channel in which water is continually flowing down a slope |
| tributary | a stream or river that flows into a larger river |
| flood plain | the flat, wide area of land laong a river |
| meander | a looplike bend in the course of a river |
| oxbow lake | a meander that has been cut off from a river |
| groundwater | underground water |
| stalactite | a deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave |
| stalagmite | deposit that is created on the floor in the shape of a cone from dripping water |
| karst topography | if a roof of a cave collapses creating a sinkhole |
| glacier | any large mass of ice that moves slowly over land |
| continental glacier | a glacier that covers most of a continent or island |
| ice age | a time when glaciers covered a major part of earths land |
| valley glacier | a long and narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up high in a mountain valley |
| plucking | when a glacier flows over land picking up sediment on the way |
| kettle | a small depression that is left when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till |
| headland | part of the shore that sticks out into the ocean |
| longshore drift | when repeated waves hit the beach it moves sediment along with the current |
| spit | a beach that projects like a finger out into the water |
| deflation | the process by which wind moves surface material |
| sand dune | a deposit of wind blown sand |
| loess | when sediment smaller than sand is deposited far from its origin. |
Created by:
creedenb
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