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CH 10 BIODIVERSITY
Environmental Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Biodiversity? | The number and variety of species in earth |
| What percent of species are expected to become extinct by 2100? | 25% |
| How many species have been identified on the Earth? | 1.9 Million |
| How are estimated to live on planet Earth? | 10 Million |
| List the 3 levels of biodiversity | Species, Ecosystem, Genetic Diversity |
| What is the species level of biodiversity? | The variety of species per unit area. |
| What is ecosystem biodiversity? | refers to the variety of habitats, communities and ecological processes within and between ecosystems |
| What is genetic biodiversity? | refers to all the different genes contained within all members of the population |
| What is a keystone species? | a species that is clearly critical to the ecosystem. When it is taken out the rest of the ecosystem suffers. |
| Explain how the sea otter is a keystone species? | The sea otter eats sea urchins, which are the only natural predators of kelp. |
| Why should we care about biodiversity? | We use a variety of organisms for food, clothing, shelter, medicines, aesthetics, ethics, and recreation. |
| What is a mass extinction? | The extinction of a large number of species within a relatively short period of geological time |
| How many mass extinctions have there been in the past? | 5 |
| What caused mass extinctions in the past? | Catastrophic events |
| Are we in a period of mass extinction now? | Human actions |
| Define a threatened species: | species that have a declining population and will more than likely continue that trend until they are endangered unless protective measures are taken soon |
| Define an endangered species: | species that is likely to become extinct if something is not done immediately to protect them |
| What is the living dead? | species that numbers are already so low that recovery is not possible its just a matter of time before they become extinct |
| If a species is gone forever it is _________________. | extinct |
| Alabama ranks _______ in the top ten states for the distribution of endangered species. | 3rd |
| List two threatened species in Alabama | Gopher Tortoise, Vermillion Darter, Green Pitcher Plant, Red Hill Salamander |
| The Alabama beach mouse is an ______________species in Alabama. | Endangered |
| Explain how the Alabama sturgeon became listed as “living dead” | Over Fishing and Habitat Destruction |
| List 6 ways that humans cause extinction | Habitat Destruction, Climate Change, Exploitation, Pollution, Accidents, Non-Native Species |
| What is the number one reason for species extinction today | Habitat Destruction |
| What is a nonnative species? | An organism introduced into a new ecosystem either on purpose or by accident |
| What is an endemic species? | An organism native to the area. |
| How did Kudzu get here and what problems do they cause? | |
| How did fire ants get here and what problems do they cause? | Fire ants came over from South America with the ballast aboard ships. Fire ants disrupt the native food web. |
| How did Zebra mussels get here and what problems do they cause? | Zebra mussels were brought here by ballast water in ships. Zebra mussels out complete native mussels for space and food. |
| How did water hyacinth get here and what problems do they cause? | Water hyacinth were introduced as a decorative aquatic plant. They grow so voraciously that they massive underwater root system can choke a river. |
| How did nutria get here and what problems do they cause? | Nutria were introduced for fur production. They damage vegetation and destroy habitat in wetlands |
| What happened to the dodo bird? | They were hunted into extinction |
| Define a hotspot | Areas on earth that hold large numbers of different species. |
| List 4 Hotspots | Tropical Rain Forrests, Islands. Coral Reefs, Coastal Areas |
| List three ways we can save one species at a time. | captive breeding programs, preserve genetic material, and zoos, aquariums, gardens |
| Explain what happened with the California Condor | The species were brought back from the brink of extinction through a captive breeding program. |
| What is the most effective way to preserve species? | To preserve habitats and ecosystems |
| What is the endangered species act of 1973 | Legal Protection for endangered animals |
| What are the four provisions of the endangered species act? | 1. Must Compile a list of all endangered organisms 2. Endangered species must not be caught, killed, traded or sold 3. Government may not carry out any project on protected species 4. Must prepare a species recovery plan for each species on list |
| What is IUCN? | International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| What is CITES? | The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species |
| Why was CITES started? | First introduced to slow poaching on elephants for their ivory |
| Explain the difference between hunting and poaching. | Hunting is the regulated and legal hunting of non endangered species, Poaching is the illegal hunting of endangered species. |
| Explain the controversy of reintroducing the grey wolf into Yellowstone? | Grey wolves attacked local farm animals and they were hunted in large numbers, with the wolf gone a trophic cascade caused the entire ecosystem to change. |
| What is an indicator species? | A species that can be used to detect the overall health of the environment in particular the presence of pollution. |
| Who was EO Wilson? | EO Wilson is the father of biodiversity and discovered the fire ants in Mobile. |
| Dian Fossey | American zoologist who studied the mountain gorilla and Fossey's research on wild mountain gorillas led to efforts to protect this rare and endangered species. |
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