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julie odom resp sys
the respiratory system study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of the lungs and air passages, responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide | respiratory system |
| has two openings, the nostrils/nares through which air enters. | nose |
| a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two hollow spaces | nasal septum |
| cavities that are lined with a mucous membrane and have a rich blood supply | nasal cavities |
| tiny, hairlike structures which filter inhaled air to trap dust and other particles | cilia |
| drain tears from the eye into the nose to provide additional moisture for the air | nasolacrimal ducts |
| cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area, provide resonance for the voice | sinuses |
| also known as the throat lies directly behind the nasal cavities, divided into 3 sections | pharynx |
| also known as the voice box, lies between the pharynx and trachea, it has 9 layers of cartilage | larynx |
| a special leaflike piece of cartilage which closes the opening into the larynx during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the respiratory tract | epiglottis |
| also known as the windpipe, a tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest, a series of c shaped cartilages(which are open on the dorsal, or back, surfaces) help keep the trachea open | trachea |
| the trachea divides into 2 of these near the center of the chest, each one enters a lung and carries air from the trachea to the lung | bronchi |
| smallest branches of the bronchi within the lung | bronchioles |
| resembles a bunch of grapes, the adult lung contains approximately 500 million of these, they contain a rich network of blood capillaries which allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged between the blood and lungs. | alveoli |
| the part of the respiratory system responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide, located in the thoracic cavity | lungs |
| a membrane or sac in which each lung is enclosed, it consists of two layers of serous membrane | pleura |
| the process of breathing, it involves two phases; inspiration and expiration | ventilation |
| the process of breathing in air | inspiration |
| this process is when air is forced out of the lungs and air passages by relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles | expiration |
| the process of inspiration and expiration | respiration |
| one of the two main stages of respiration, it is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and bloodstream | external respiration |
| the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and the blood stream | internal respiration |
| this process occurs when tissue cells use the oxygen and nutrients it received from the blood to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide | cellular respiration |
| a respiratory disorder in which bronchospasms narrow the openings of the bronchioles, mucus production increases, and edema develops in the mucosal lining | asthma |
| an inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes | bronchitis |
| a nosebleedd that occurs when capillaries in the nose become congested and bleed | epistaxis |
| any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways | chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder |
| an inflammatin or infection of the lungs characterized by exudate (a buildup of fluid) in the alveoli | pneumonia |
| an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinuses | sinusitis |
| an inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords | laryngitis |
| an inflammation of the pleura, or membranes, of the lungs | pleurisy |
| an inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, resulting in a runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, soreness, and congestion | rhinitis |
| a preventable disease, it is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women | lung cancer |
| a condition in which an individual stops breathing while asleep, causing a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels | sleep apnea |
| a noninfectious, chronic respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose elasticity | emphysema |
| also known as the flu, is a highly contagious VIRAL infection of the upper respiratory system | influenza |
| an infectious lung disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TB (tuberculosis) |
| the body has a _____ to _____ minute supply of oxygen | 4 to 6 minute |
| the largest layer of cartilage on the larynx, the thyroid cartilage, is commonly called ___________ | the adams apple |
| a series of c shaped cartilages, open to the _______ or ________ surface, help keep the trachea open | dorsal , back |
| the left lung has ______ lobesthe right lung has ______lobes | 2 lobes3 lobes |
| during expiration the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles ________ | relax |
| the process of respiration is controlled by the respiratory center in the _________ of the brain | medulla oblongata |
| an increased amount of carbon dioxide causes an ___________- in respiratory rate | increase |
| to stop a nosebleed compress the nostrils and tilt the head _________ | slightly forward |
| the __________ pleura is attached to the surface of the lung | visceral |
| influenza is also known as the _________ | flu |
| most upper respiratory infections are caused by ___________ and are highly contagious | viral infections |
| withdrawal of fluid through a needle | thoracentesis |
| a respiratory disorder caused by a sensitivity to an allergen is | asthma |
| a CPAP is mainly used for the disorder known as | sleep apnea |
| a treatment for COPD is | bronchodilators, mucolytics, cough medications |
| a decreased amount of _____ in the blood causes the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata to increase the rate of respirations | oxygen |
| the esophgus and trachea branch off of the | laryngopharynx |
| why is the left lung smaller than the right lung | due to the heart lying more to the left side of the chest |
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julieodom
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