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Science Vocabulary

Chapter 3 Science Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Heredity is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
Trait each specific characteristic, such as stem height or seed color
Genetics the scientific study of heredity
Fertilization a new organism begins to form when egg and sperm cells can join in the process
Purebred is the offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait
Gene they describe the factors that control a trait
Allele are the different forms of a gene
Recessive Allele is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present
Hybrid an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Dominant Allele is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Probability is a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Punnet Square is a chart that shows all the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross
Phenotype an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
Genotype an organism's genetic makeup, or alleles
Homozygous an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous an organism that has two different alleles
Incomplete Dominance occurs when one allele is only partially dominant
Codominance occurs when both alleles of a gene are expressed equally
Multiple Alleles means that three or more possible alleles determine the trait
Polygenic Inheritance occurs when more than one gene affects a trait
Meiosis is the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half sex cells form
Created by: grace12345
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