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IGHS Winkels

Biology Chapter 10

TermDefinition
Cell division the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
Mitosis the first stage, division of the cell nucleus
Cytokinesis the second stage,division of the cytoplasm
Chromatids each chromosome consists of these two identical "sisters" after each chromosome is replicated, or copied
Centromeres where each pair of chromatids is attached
Interphase "in-between" period of growth in cell division/DNA is replicated/the cell grows
Cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Prophase the first and longest phase of mitosis/the chromosomes become visible
Centrioles two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope
Spindle a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes
Metaphase the second phase of mitosis/the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Anaphase the third phase/the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split, allowing the sisters to become individual chromosomes
Telophase the fourth and final phase/the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
Cyclin regulates the cell cycle
Cancer a disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
As a cell becomes larger volume increases faster than its surface area
As a cell grows, it places more demand on its DNA/uses up food and oxygen more quickly
Problems that growth causes for cells DNA overload/Expelling waste
If a cell's DNA were not copied before cell division, the cell could be stopped from dividing by cyclins
When a cell divides each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA
Phases of mitosis Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Plant cells have a cell plate
Contact with other cells can stop cell from growing
In eukaryote cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by Cyclins
Cancer cells form masses of cells called Tumors
Created by: Winkels
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