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Airway Management
Brady Emergency Care 11th edition: Chapter 6 Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| airway | The passageway by which air enters or leaves the body. The structures of the airway are the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. |
| artificial ventilation | Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation. |
| automatic transport ventilator (ATV) | A device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance. |
| bag-valve mask (BVM) | A handheld device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system. |
| cyanosis | A blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body |
| dead space | Areas of the lungs outside the alveoli where gas exchange with the blood does not take place |
| flowmeter | A valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute |
| flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) | Device that uses pressurized O2 to deliver artificial ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while using both hands to maintain a seal on the mask. It has automatic flow restriction to prevent over delivery of O2 to the pt. |
| gag reflex | Vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the back of the pharynx. This is tied to the swallow reflex. |
| head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver | A means of correcting blockage of the airway by the tongue by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Used when no trauma, or injury, is suspected. |
| humidifier | A device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder. |
| hyperventilate | To provide ventilations at a higher rate than normal. |
| hypoxia | An insufficiency of oxygen in the body's tissues. |
| jaw-thrust maneuver | A means of correcting blockage of the airway by moving the jaw forward without tilting the head or neck. Used when trauma, or injury, is suspected to open the airway without causing further injury to the spinal cord in the neck. |
| minute volume | The amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute. |
| nasal cannula | A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils. |
| nasopharyngeal airway | A flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nose into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway. |
| nonrebreather mask | A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patients's exhaled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed. |
| oropharyngeal airway | A curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway. |
| oxygen cylinder | A cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure. |
| patent airway | An airway (passage from nose or mouth to lungs) that is open and clear and will remain open and clear, without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body. |
| pocket face mask | A device, usually w/a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. Rescuer breathes through the valve when placed over pt's face. Acts as a barrier to prevent contact w/a pt's breath or body fluids. Can be used w/supplemental O2 when fitted w/O2 inlet |
| positive pressure ventilation | See artificial ventilation. (Forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing.) |
| pressure regulator | A device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient. |
| respiration | breathing |
| respiratory arrest | When breathing completely stops |
| respiratory distress | Increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath |
| respiratory failure | The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life. |
| stoma | A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes. |
| suctioning | Use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway. |
| ventilation | The breathing in of air or oxygen or providing breaths artificially. |
| venturi mask | A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air. |
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