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GI Anatomy
Medical-Surgical Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What forms the common hepatic duct? | The left and right hepatics ducts |
| How does bile leave the liver? | Through the common hepatic duct |
| How long is the GI tract? | 30 feet (9 meters) |
| What are the 4 layers of the GI tract? | (From inside out): Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa |
| What are the 2 networks of the enteric nervous system? | Meissner plexus and Auerbach (myenteric) plexus |
| Which arteries supply the GI system? | Celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric |
| How much cardiac output does the GI system receive when eating? | 35% |
| What is the omentum? | A fold that hangs like an apron from the stomach to the intestine and contains fat and lymph nodes |
| What is the main function of the GI system? | To supply nutrients to body cells |
| Which hormone plays a role in appetite stimulation? | Ghrelin |
| Which hormone is associated with appetite suppression? | Leptin |
| What is deglutition? | Swallowing |
| What is mastication? | Chewing |
| What are the 3 parts of the pharynx? | Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| What are the parts of the stomach? | Fundus. body, and pylorus |
| What type of stomach cells secrete pepsinogen? | Chief cells |
| What do the parietal cells of the stomach secrete? | |
| What is the purpose of Brunner's glands in the submucosa of the small intestine? | They secrete an alkaline fluid containing bicarbonate |
| What are the portions of the small intestine? | Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| What are the portions of the large intestine? | Cecum, colon, rectum, and anus |
| What is the Valsalva maneuver associated with? | Defecation |
| What enzyme does saliva contain? | Amylase |
| Where does most absorption occur during the digestion? | Small intestine |
| What is the functional unit of the liver? | Hepatic lobules |
| What is the function of Kupffer cells? | To carry out phagocytosis in the liver |
| Where are Kupffer cells located? | In the lining of sinusoids, which are specialized hepatic capillaries |
| Where is bile secreted to from hepatic cells? | Canaliculi |
| What does bile consist of? | Water, cholesterol, bile salts, electrolytes, and phospholipids |
| What is bilirubin? | A pigment derived from the breakdown of Hgb |
| What is the function of the gallbladder? | To concentrate and store bile |
| What makes up the common bile duct? | Hepatic and cystic ducts |
| Where does bile enter the small intestine? | Sphincter of Oddi/Ampulla of Vater (same thing, different names) |
| Where do the pancreatic duct and common bile duct meet? | Sphincter of Oddi |
| What is hypochlohydria? | Decrease in HCl acid production |
| What is the order for the abdominal assessment? | Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation |
| What does borborygmi refer to? | Stomach growling |
Created by:
shrewsburysd
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