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9th ENV CHAPTER 7.1
9th ENV Chapter 7.1 OUTLINE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SALINITY FRESH WATER MARINE | The types of organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are mainly determined by the waters _______. As a result, aquatic ecosystems are divided into ________ and _______ ecosystems. |
| FRESHWATER | _________ ecosystems include ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands. |
| WETLANDS | _______ are areas of land that are periodically under water or whose soil contains a great deal of moisture. |
| NUTRIENTS | Factors such as temperature, sunlight, oxygen, and __________ determine which organisms live in which area of the water. |
| GROUPED | Aquatic ecosystems contains several types of organisms that are _________ by there location and by there adaptation. |
| AQUATIC | Three groups _______ organisms include plankton, nekton, and benthos. |
| PLANKTON | _________ are the mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in the water, and can be microscopic animals called zooplankton or microscopic plants or algae called phytoplankton. |
| NEKTON | ______ are all organisms that swim actively in open water, independent of currents. |
| BENTHOS | ___________ are bottom-dwelling organisms of the sea or ocean attached to hard surfaces. |
| DECOMPOSERS | ___________ are also aquatic organisms. |
| NATURALLY | Lakes, ponds, and wetlands can form ___________ where groundwater reaches the Earths surface. |
| ARTIFICIAL | Humans intentionally create ____________ lakes by damming flowing rivers and streams to use them for power, irrigation, water storage, and receration. |
| ZONES | Lakes and ponds can be structured into horizontal and vertical ____. The types of organisms present depend on the amount of sunlight available. |
| LITTORAL ZONE | The ___________ _____ is a shallow zone in a freshwater habitat where light reaches the bottom and nutrients plants. Aquatic life is diverse and abundant. |
| MUD | Some plants hare rooted in the ___ underwater with their upper leaves and stems above water.Other plants have floating leaves. |
| ALGAE | In open water, plants, _______, and some bacteria capture solar energy to make their own food during photosynthesis. |
| DEEP | Some bodies of fresh water have areas so ____ that there is too little for photosynthesis. |
| BACTERIA | ______ live in the deep areas of freshwater. Fish adapted to cooler, darker water also live there. |
| BENTHIC ZONE | Eventually, dead and decaying organisms reach the benthis zone. The _____________________ __________________ _is the region near the bottom of a pond, lake , or ocean which is inhabit ed by composers, insect larvae, and clams. |
| ADAPTATIONS | Animals that live in lakes and ponds nhave _______________ that help them obtain what they need to survive. |
| BEETLES | For example, water______________ beetles use the hairs under their bodies to trap surface air so that they can breathe during their dives for food, |
| BURROW | And, in regions where lakes partially freeze in the winter, amphibians _________ partway into the mud to hibernate. |
| EUTROPHICATION | _______________ is an increase in the amount of nutrients, such as nitrites, in an aquatic ecosystem. |
| GROW | As the amount of plants and algae ___, the number of bacteria feeding on the decaying organisms also grow. |
| LARGE | A lake that has ______ amounts of plants growth due to nutrients is known as a eutrophic lake. |
| LONG | Lakes naturally become eutrophic over a ____ period of time. |
| WASTE | However, eutrophication can be accelerated by runoff, such as rain, that can carry sewage, fertilizers, or animal _____ from land into bodies of water. |
| FRESH WATER | __________ wetlands are areas of land that are covered with fresh water for part of the year. |
| MARSHES SWAMPS | The two main types of freshwater wetlands are ________ and _______. Marshes contain non-woody plants, while swamps are dominated by woody plants. |
| FLORIDA | Most freshwater wetlands are located in the southeastern United states, with the largest in the _________ Everglades. |
| FILTERS | Wetlands perform several important environmental functions. Wetlands act like ________ or sponges that absorb and remove pollutants from the water. They also control flooding by absorbing extra water when rivers overflow. |
| WILDFIRES | These areas provide a home for native and migratory ________________ in addition to feeding and spawning for many freshwater game fish. |
| LITTLE | Freshwater marshes tend to occur on low, flat lands and have __________ water movement. |
| SHALLOW | In _________ waters, plants root themselves in the rich bottom sediments while their leaves stick out above the surface of the water year-round. |
| SALINITY | There are several kinds of marshes, each which is characterized by its __________. Brackish marshes have slightly salty water, while salt marshes contain saltier water. |
| BENTHIC | The __________ zones of marshes are nutrient rich and contain plants, numerous types of decomposers, and scavengers. |
| MARSHES | __________ also attract migratory birds from temperature and tropical habitats. |
| SWAMPS | ___________ occur on flat, poorly drained land, often near streams and are dominated by woody shrubs or water loving trees. |
| MOISTURE | Freshwater swamps are the ideal habitat for amphibians because of the continuous ___________. Birds are also attracted to hollow trees near or over the water. |
| REPTILES | _________ are the predators of the swamp, eating almost any organism that crosses their path. |
| INSECTS | Wetlands were previously considered to be wastelands that provide breeding grounds for ______ carrying insects. |
| DRAINED | As a result, many have been _________, filled, and cleared for farms or residential and commercial development. |
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asimien907
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