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The Nature of Matter

QuestionAnswer
The positive particles in the nucleus of the atom. Proton(+)
The neutral particles in the nucleus of the atom. Neutron
The negative particles of an atom circling on the outside of the nucleus. Electron(-)
Atoms containing varying number of neutrons. Isotopes
Atoms containing a varying number of electrons. Ions
Valence Electron Electrons in the outer orbital of an atom; responsible for chemical reactions.
Substances with one type of atom. Elements
How do you find the atomic number. The number at the top of the element square will tell you the atomic number.
How do you find the atomic mass. Look at the number at the bottom of the element square. Or find the average mass of the element and its isotopes.
Ionic Bond A compound in which one substance gains electrons and another substance losses electrons.
Covalent Bond A compound in which substances share electrons.
Hydrogen Bond h
Polar An uneven sharing of electrons in a compound.
Non-polar When a substance is not polar.
Cohesion An attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Adhension An attraction between molecules of a different substance.
Solution A homogeneous mixture in which the substances are evenly distributed throughout.
What dissolves into a solvent? A solute.
Acid Anything on the pH scale with the numbers 0-6.
Base Anything on the pH scale with the numbers 8-14.
Neutral Has a pH of 7.
Buffer Weak acids or weak bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden change in pH.
Maromolecule A really large molecule with Four main groups.
What are the four main groups of macromolecules? Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates.
Monomer An ion that forms together to form a polymer.
Polymer Formed by a monomer. Is a long chain
Polysaccharides Many sugar molecules. Formed by a Monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides Single sugar molecules. Forms Polysaccharides.
Amino Acids The monomers of proteins.
R- group The instructions fro arranging amino acids. Acidic or Basic, Polar or Non-polar, carbon rings or no carbon rings.
Chemical Reaction A process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another.
Reactants Substances that enter into a chemical reaction.
Products Substances that are formed in a chemical reaction.
Activation Energy The energy needed to start a reaction.
Catalyst Speed up or slow down chemical reactions.
Enzyme Organic Catalysts made of polypeptide chains of amino acids (proteins); encoded in DNA.
Compound Rearranged in chemical reactions to form new substances.
What are Lipids and what do they do in the human body? Lipids are fats, oils, and waxes. And they help store energy in the human body. Remember these are not polymers.
What are Carbohydrates and what do they do in the human body? Carbohydrates are in breads, fruits and vegetables. And they give the body a quick source of energy.
What are Proteins an what do they do in the human body? Proteins are made of polymers. They help the body to build and repair tissue, and they make digestion possible.
What are nucleic acids and what do they do in the human body? Nucleic acids are polymers known as nucleotides, and they contain genetic information.
What are carbon atoms? They have 4 valence electrons. A carbon atom ca bond with another carbon atom.
Groups have the same number of ________________ _______________. valence electrons
How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom? Subtract the number of protons from the mass number.
What is another way to get the atomic number? The number of protons in the element is the same as the atomic number.
What do atoms desire to be? Neutral
Created by: Go Valor
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