Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase.

Rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials. Igneous rocks can form beneath the Earth 's surface, or at its surface, as lava

Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils.

the process by which collision of the earth's crustal plates results in one plate's being drawn down or overridden by another, localized along the juncture (subduction zone) of two plates.

convergent boundaries

where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.

Theory of the formation and movement of the plates that cover the Earth's surface

The outer shell of Earth that extends to a depth of 100 km

A number of rigid, but moving, pieces of the Earth's surface

The partially melted layer of the mantle that underlies the lithosphere

the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.

the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.

A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates.

sliding/transform boundaries

Plates Slide Past One Another. Plates grinding past each other in opposite directions create faults called transform faults.

the place where two different plates have contact, sometimes called a fault

an area of oceanic crust covered by sea water and surrounded by areas of continental crust

when plates shift suddenly and release stored energy; frequent occurrences along all types of plate boundaries

events in which molten rock spews out from the mantle to the surface of Earth as ash, lava and gases

when continental plates of equal density converge, resulting in mountain chains

underwater mountain range, formed where two parts of the Earth's crust are moving apart

proposed the theory of the continental shift

is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses

hot, molten, volcanic material in the Earth called lava once it erupts to the surface

major fault or crack in Earth's surface

the section of Earth between the crust and the core

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Plate Tectonics

Vocabulary

Term	Definition
metamorphic rock	Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase.
igneous rock	Rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials. Igneous rocks can form beneath the Earth 's surface, or at its surface, as lava
sedimentary rock	Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils.
subduction	the process by which collision of the earth's crustal plates results in one plate's being drawn down or overridden by another, localized along the juncture (subduction zone) of two plates.
convergent boundaries	where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.
plate tectonics	Theory of the formation and movement of the plates that cover the Earth's surface
lithosphere	The outer shell of Earth that extends to a depth of 100 km
lithospheric Plates	A number of rigid, but moving, pieces of the Earth's surface
asthenosphere	The partially melted layer of the mantle that underlies the lithosphere
Continental Drift	the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time.
seafloor spreading	the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
divergent boundaries	A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates.
sliding/transform boundaries	Plates Slide Past One Another. Plates grinding past each other in opposite directions create faults called transform faults.
plate boundary	the place where two different plates have contact, sometimes called a fault
ocean basin	an area of oceanic crust covered by sea water and surrounded by areas of continental crust
earthquakes	when plates shift suddenly and release stored energy; frequent occurrences along all types of plate boundaries
volcanic eruptions	events in which molten rock spews out from the mantle to the surface of Earth as ash, lava and gases
mountain building	when continental plates of equal density converge, resulting in mountain chains
mid-ocean ridge	underwater mountain range, formed where two parts of the Earth's crust are moving apart
Alfred Wegener	proposed the theory of the continental shift
Pangea	is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses
magma	hot, molten, volcanic material in the Earth called lava once it erupts to the surface
rift	major fault or crack in Earth's surface
mantle	the section of Earth between the crust and the core

Created by: Smith-Allen

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