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Heat Transfer & Wind
Radiation, Convection, and Conduction and Wind
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Radiation | energy that is transferred by electromagnetic waves or rays |
| Ultraviolet Radiaiton | overexposure of this can cause sunburns, genetic mutations, and skin cancer |
| Sun | the source of energy in our atmosphere that we experience as heat and light |
| Convection | transfer of heat by the flow of a heated material - happens in liquids and gases |
| Convection Currents | movement of gases and liquids due to differences in density - can create local winds, are responsible for tectonic plate movement and help circulate ocean water |
| Conduction | transfer of heat when molecules collide - usually involve at least one solid in the heat transfer |
| Ozone Layer | absorbs and scatters harmful UV radiaiton from the sun to protect living organisms from overexposure |
| Cold Air | higher in density and air pressure - usually sink in the atmosphere |
| Warm Air | lower in density and air pressure - usually rises in the atmosphere |
| Air Pressure | Decreases as you increase in altitude |
| Wind | the movement of air parallel to Earth’s surface - move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure |
| Anemometer | measures wind speed |
| Windchill Factor | the increased cooling that wind can cause - what your temperature outside “feels like” and not just the temperature |
| Global Winds | winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances |
| Coriolis Effect | the way that Earth’s rotation makes winds curve-due to this, winds in the Northern Hemisphere turn to the right |
| Local Winds | winds that blow over short distances - usually caused by the unequal heating and cooling of Earth’s surface over a small area |
| Sea Breeze | happen during the day when warm air over the and rises and colder air above the ocean moves in to take the place of the warm air |
| Land Breeze | happen at night as the warmer air over the ocean rises and the cooler air above the land moves in to take the place of the warm air |
| Doldrums | calm areas near the equator where trade winds collide higher in the atmosphere, leaving a virtually “windless” area |
| Polar Easterlies | blow from E to W and blow colder air away from the poles |
| Prevailing Westerlies | blow from W to E and away from the ‘horse latitudes’ - help push cooler air from the poles to lower latitudes |
| NE and SE Trade Winds | blow from the horse latitudes towards the equator - and meet higher in the atmosphere above the equator - cause a lot of convection storms to develop |
| Jet Stream | usually blows in the troposphere - these are bands of high speed winds that blow from W to E along with the prevailing westerlies - carry air masses |
Created by:
Ms. Stacy Strickland - Science
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